National Repository of Grey Literature 27 records found  previous11 - 20next  jump to record: Search took 0.00 seconds. 
A method for the use of nanofiber scaffolds and stem cells for the treatment of severe damages of the ocular surface
Zajícová, Alena ; Javorková, Eliška ; Holáň, Vladimír
The method describes a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of severe ocular injuries in veterinary medicine. The protocol is based on a cultivation of stem cells and their transfer using nanofiber scaffolds onto damaged ocular surface. This method can be used in the cases when other available treatment options are not sufficient or cannot be used.
GENE EXPRESSION AND IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE IN MICE EXPOSED TO ZnO NANOPARTICLES
Rössner ml., Pavel ; Vrbová, Kristýna ; Strapáčová, S. ; Rössnerová, Andrea ; Ambrož, Antonín ; Brzicová, Táňa ; Líbalová, Helena ; Javorková, Eliška ; Zajícová, Alena ; Holáň, Vladimír ; Kulich, P. ; Večeřa, Zbyněk ; Mikuška, Pavel ; Coufalík, Pavel ; Křůmal, Kamil ; Čapka, Lukáš ; Dočekal, Bohumil ; Šerý, Omar ; Machala, M. ; Topinka, Jan
We analyzed gene expression changes in the lungs and the immunological response in splenocytes of mice exposed by inhalation of ZnO nanoparticles - NP. Adult female ICR mice were treated for three days and three months, respectively. Analysis of differential expression in genes involved in oxidative stress was conducted using quantitative RT-PCR. The potential immunotoxic and immunomodulatory effects of ZnO NP were analyzed by phenotyping and cytokine production by splenocytes after three months exposure. Three days exposure resulted in down-regulation of GCLC, GSR, HMOX-1, NQO-1, NF-kB2, PTGS2 and TXNRD1 mRNA expression, three months exposure increased the expression of these genes. Three months exposure caused a significant decrease in the percentage of granulocytes in the spleen cells, and affected the production of IL-10 and IL-6 by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated leukocytes. In summary, our study revealed changes in the expression of genes involved in the oxidative stress response following acute ZnO NP exposure. Subchronic ZnO NP exposure induced immunomodulatory effects in the spleen.
Immunogenic cell death
Šímová, Michaela ; Drbal, Karel (advisor) ; Javorková, Eliška (referee)
According to the danger model, the immune system is activated by endogenous molecules known as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) that are externalized from the interior of a dying cell to the cell surface or released into the extracellular space. Due to the loss of plasma membrane integrity a necrotic cell death as well as several types of proinflammatory programmed cell death are considered to be immunogenic, whereas apoptosis, on contrary, has been initially defined as a tolerogenic type of cell death. However, under certain circumstances, the immune response can be initiated by an apoptotic cell after exnternalization of DAMP molecules by newly described secretory pathways. This phenomenon was observed on tumor cells as a result of some widely used therapeutic modalities and is known as immunogenic cell death (ICD). Nomenclature of selected types of cell death is part of this thesis. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to provide an evidence of the experimental support for ICD theory during in vivo initiation of the immune response. I will evaluate the correlation between ICD and the induced exposure of DAMP molecules on the surface of tumor cells or their secretion to the extracellular space.
Modulation of human macrophages and renal epitelium chemokine profile
Pidhorodetská, Halyna ; Stříž, Ilja (advisor) ; Javorková, Eliška (referee)
One of the main effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines is the induction of chemokines and the expression of adhesive molecules that regulate the migration of immune cells to the center of the damage. Chemoattractant gradient also provides a physiological delivery of cells to tissues and lymphatic organs under normal circumstances. Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that form a very large and diverse group of secreted proteins that have many functions both in processes that maintain homeostasis but also in inflammatory states. Production of some chemokines also has a major effect on graft rejection. Further understanding of the mechanisms involved in the acute rejection chemokine could contribute to improving treatment steps in transplantology. In this diploma thesis, serum chemokine levels were monitored in renal transplant patients, but these measurements did not show significant dynamics. Furthermore, the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines on the release of chemokines from renal epithelial cells and monocytes was studied. Experiments were performed to monitor the levels of individual chemokines such as ENA-78, IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1 β, RANTES, GRO alpha, THP-1 (monocyte/macrophage cell line), RPTEC (renal epithelial cells of proximal tubules) and RA (renal cell tumor lines). TNF-α (tumor necrosis...
Different capacity of in vitro generated monocyte-derived dendritic cells of newborns of healthy and allergic mothers to prime immune responses
Súkeníková, Lenka ; Hrdý, Jiří (advisor) ; Javorková, Eliška (referee)
(EN) Reduced microbial stimulation of an immature neonatal immune system can lead to a poor balance adjustment of immune responses, thus contributing to the development of allergic diseases, whose incidence continues to rise. One of the promising precautionary measures seems to be an early preventive administration of probiotic bacteria to pregnant or nursing mothers, or to newborns. Previous works have described a beneficial effect of Escherichia coli O83:K24:H31 (E. coli O83) in the prevention of allergic diseases. In order to contribute to the clarification of E. coli O83 effects on the neonatal immune system, its immune- modulating properties were tested in vitro on umbilical cord blood cells. The ability of E. coli O83 to support the maturation of in vitro-derived dendritic cells from cord blood precursors (moDCs) of the children of healthy (children with a relatively low risk of allergy) and allergic (children at a relatively high risk of developing allergies) mothers was tracked by flow cytometry, qPCR and ELISA. Probiotic bacteria-stimulated moDCs were subsequently cultured with autologous naive CD4+ T lymphocytes and immune response polarization was also characterised by flow cytometry, qPCR, and ELISA. It was evident from the results that E. coli O83 promoted moDCs maturation. The presence of...
Immunosuppression in the microenvironment of glioblastoma
Ternerová, Nikola ; Stollinová Šromová, Lucie (advisor) ; Javorková, Eliška (referee)
Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most malignant brain tumors, which are thought to originate from neoplastic transformation of glial cells. These tumors are characterized with highly infiltrative growth, neovascularization, and radio- and chemoresistance. In spite of current therapy including surgical resection of the tumor and chemo/radio therapy, patient's prognosis is still poor and median survival is about 15 months. Certain non-tumor cells present in the GBM microenvironment participate in tumor progression using mechanisms contributing to the local and systemic immunosuppression. Critical roles in the immune escape of GBM have the regulatory T-cells (Tregs), the tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and the myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Immunosuppressive mechanisms in GBM are conducted through direct cell-mediated contacts and soluble mediators secreted by tumor-associated cells into the local tumor microenvironment and circulating blood. Both these processes may inhibit immune response mounted against cancer cells. Certain cancer associated cells and secreted mediators are distributed by peripheral blood and potentiate systemic immunosuppression in the GBM host organism. Gaining knowledge about these mechanisms may reveal to possible targets for GBM immunotherapy. For instance,...
IL-15/IL-15Rα complexes as IL-15 superagonist
Honzírková, Lucie ; Kovář, Marek (advisor) ; Javorková, Eliška (referee)
Interleukin 15 binds to its hight-afinity receptor IL-15Rα and forms stable IL-15/IL-15Rα complexes. IL-15Rα presents IL-15 in trans to target CD122/CD132 cells, where initiates signal transduction. Interleukin 15 has important role in immune system as it - regulates the homeostatic proliferation of memory CD8+ T cells and it is an essential for function, development and homeostasis of NK and NKT cells. Cell surface-expressed IL-15/IL15Rα complexes can be completely substituted by soluble recombinant IL-15/IL-15Rα-Fc complexes, which have substantially higher biological activity in composition to free IL-15 and behave as IL-15 superagonist. Il-15/IL-15Rα-Fc complexes are thus promising tool for some clinical use, i.e. cancer immune therapy, treatment of HIV or improvement of vaccination.
Autoantibodies against calreticulin in patients with dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Sánchez, Daniel ; Tlaskalová - Hogenová, Helena (advisor) ; Javorková, Eliška (referee)
Distinct cellular level of the Ca2+ binding chaperone calreticulin (CRT) is essential for cardiac development and postnatal function. However, CRT is also a potential autoantigen eliciting formation of antibodies (Ab), whose role is not yet clarified. Immunization with CRT leads to cardiac injury, and overexpression of CRT in cardiomyocytes induces dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in experimental animals. Hence, we analysed levels of anti-CRT Ab and calreticulin in the sera of patients with idiopatic DCM and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). ELISA and immunoblot using human recombinant CRT and Pepscan with synthetic, overlapping decapeptides of CRT were used to detect anti-CRT Ab. Significantly increased levels of anti-CRT Ab of IgA (P<0.001) and IgG (P<0.05) isotypes were found in patients with both DCM (12/34 seropositive for IgA, 7/34 for IgG) and HCM (13/38 seropositive for IgA, 11/38 for IgG) when compared with controls (2/79 for IgA, 1/79 for IgG). Titration analysis in seropositive DCM and HCM patients documented anti-CRT Ab detected at 1/1600 dilution for IgG and 1/800 for IgA (and IgA1) and at least at 1/200 dilution for IgA2, IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3. Pepscan identified several immunogenic CRT epitopes: EVKIDNSQVESGSLED, IDDPTDSKPE, DKAPEHIPDPDA and RKEEEEAEDKEDDAEDKDEDEEDE recognised by IgA and...
Significance of somatic mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Tauchmanová, Petra ; Savvulidi Vargová, Karina (advisor) ; Javorková, Eliška (referee)
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) represents the most prevalent leukemia in Europe and USA. CLL affects predominatly elderly people (median age, 70y). This lymphoproliferative disorder is characterised by an accumulation of mature B-cells in the peripheral blood, bone marrow and lymph nodes. The lifespan of CLL cells is longer than normal healthy B-cells due to impaired cell cycle and apoptosis. CLL cells dysplay several chromosomal aberations and genetic abnormalities. The next generation sequencing revealed many somatic mutations in CLL cells. Analysis of these somatic mutations in CLL facilitates detail understanding at the disease molecular basis and opens new possibilities to the personalised therapy. The main aim of this thesis is brief description of CLL as disease and to summarise the recent knowledge in the field of next generation sequencing with attention to CLL.
Epigenetic mechanisms in the interferon γ signalling pathway
Fišerová, Lenka ; Reiniš, Milan (advisor) ; Javorková, Eliška (referee)
IFNγ is an important cytosine mediating imune responses, including antitumor immunity. It can affect expression of a lot of genes, which regulate different cellular processes. In tumor cells defects in signal cascade of IFNγ and mistakes in expression of genes regulated by IFNγ, for example genes for antigen adjustment and presentation (APM) or genes for major histocompatibility complex (MHC), were observed. Epigenetic mechanisms, can play a role in regulation of expression of genes for IFNγ, as well as in regulation of expression of genes regulated by IFNγ, including the components of the IFNγ signalling pathway. In lymphocytes from tumors the ability to produce IFNγ was limited by epigenetic silencing of genes for IFNγ. In tumor cells, epigenetic silencing of genes regulated by IFNγ, of genes of the IFNγ signaling cascade, for example IRF transcription factors, and other genes regulated by IFNγ, such as genes for APM, MHC or indoldioxygenase coding genes (IDO), was demonstrated. In case of their activation by IFNγ, epigenetic changes in regulation sequences of appropriate genes, were observed. IFNγ thus can be considered as an epigenetic agent. Epigenetic modulators are able to activate expression of genes regulated by IFNγ. By this way it's possible to explain some of immunomudullatory effects...

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