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Implications of inflation differentials on the dynamics of GDP
Strecker, Ondřej ; Janda, Karel (referee) ; Horváth, Roman (advisor)
Inflation differentials within a monetary union translate into differentials in real interest rates. Consequently, their effect (either direct or indirect, through the wealth channel) on the GDP is pro-cyclical in the short term. In the long term, accumulated inflation differentials worsen the real exchange rate and so after some time their anti-cyclical effect will prevail. Concerning the dynamics of the GDP, longer and stronger cycles can be expected. After a theoretical description of the mentionned mechanism this paper quantifies individual effects for the EMU. It also deals with expected changes in cycles' properties after the adoption of Euro. GMM and Kiviet estimates of the panel data model generally prove the statistical significance of the considered effects. Subsequent results show positive relationship between the absolute magnitude of the inflation differentials on the one hand and the growth of the amplitude of the cycles, increase in their length and increase in time needed for the economy to return to the equilibrium after a demand shock on the other hand.
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Food vs. Fuel: The Role of Bioenergy
Filip, Ondřej ; Janda, Karel (advisor) ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (referee)
Bibliographic entry Filip, O. (2015): "Food vs. Fuel: The Role of Bioenergy." (Unpublished master's thesis). Charles University in Prague. Supervisor: prof. Ing. Karel Janda M.A., Dr., Ph. D. Length: 121,976 characters Abstract This thesis studies the relationship between the first generation biofuels and selected commodities and assets in the USA, Europe, and Brazil. It is the first attempt to combine the taxonomy and wavelet analyses in a single research application. Our unique dataset comprises 32 weekly price series covering the 2003-2015 time period. First, we employ a method of minimum spanning trees and hierarchical trees to model a biofuel-related price network. We demonstrate a development phase shift between Brazilian and the US/EU biofuel industries. We reveal a strong and stable connection between Brazilian ethanol and its main production factor, local sugarcane. We further find that US ethanol is closely linked to corn. In the contrary, European biodiesel exhibits only moderate ties to its production factors. Subsequent wavelet analysis scrutinizes the identified price connections both in time and frequency domains. Both Brazilian and US ethanols are found to be positively related to their respective feedstock commodities. In particular, feedstock proves to lead the price of the biofuel and not...
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Three Essays on the Effect of Alternative Ownership Structures on Investment and Financial Constraints: An Empirical Investigation
Hobdari, Bersant ; Filer, Randall (advisor) ; Maksimovic, Vojislav (referee) ; Janda, Karel (referee)
Three Essays on the Effect of Alternative Ownership Structures on Investment and Financial Constraints: An Empirical Investigation This dissertation consists of three separate papers examining the relationship between investment, financial constraints and ownership structures. In the first paper new and rich panel data for a large and representative sample of firms are used to estimate the sensitivity of access to capital to differing ownership structures. The investment behaviour of firms is examined in a dynamic setting in the presence of adjustment costs, liquidity constraints and imperfect competition. The empirical work is based on the derivation of Euler equations in the presence of symmetric and quadratic adjustment costs and both debt and equity constraints. Whereas the norm is to use ad hoc approaches to model these constraints, our alternative and more consistent approach leads to the inclusion of financial variables in the investment equation in first differences rather than in levels. The GMM estimates confirm the importance of financial factors in determining investment rates and suggest that firms owned by insiders, especially non-managerial employees, are more prone to be liquidity constrained than are others. Among the other groups, somewhat surprisingly, only domestic outsider owned firms...
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Microeconomic modelling of the behaviour on the financial markets - trading with derivatives
Koľová, Viera ; Hlaváček, Jiří (advisor) ; Janda, Karel (referee)
Financial markets represent a large comlex with a lot of factors. What is for the agents, who are trading on the financial markets important, is to set a method of predicting the future spot price of the assets and the risk, resulting from their positions. Financial derivatives are instruments, those trading depends on the future spot prices predictions and are used for speculative purposes or for hedging. Black-Scholes equation implies the option price, but concludes some not real assumptions.The way, how to determine the option price and to avoid the assumptions in Black-Scholes equation, is to start from the option writer' variation of wealth. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Human capital and the transition in Serbia : accumulation, allocation and implications for development
Cerović, Irena ; Cahlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Janda, Karel (referee)
Developed industrial economies have faced challenging transformations over the past decade, stemming from the increased global interdependence of economic systems and greater reliance on rapidly changing technology. Along with the reassessment of the bases of modern society came the realization that human knowledge and ability to learn have become a key asset for development and growth. As developed economies reform to adapt to this new reality, they are joined by post-communist countries facing added challenges of political and economic adjustments. This study looks at the paths open to the country that was among the last to enter this process in Europe. Serbia's current situation with respect to human capital is assessed and examined in light of the global processes taking place around it, and its unique challenges are presented. The conceptual approach of the study involves looking at Serbia's human resources in terms of their quality, quantity, and distribution between sectors of differing productivity. This is done through a survey of educational reforms, skilled emigration, and forces determining the allocation of human capital. The study shows that there is a need to adopt an integrated strategic vision of human development as a vital component for the success of the transition. It presents this goal...
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Analysis of publicly listed microfinance equity diversification potential and possible mission drift
Pfeffer, Karel ; Janda, Karel (advisor) ; Čech, František (referee)
MASTER THESIS Analysis of publicly listed microfinance equity diversification potential and possible mission drift Karel Pfeffer 2017 Abstract The objective of this master thesis is to investigate, whether equity of publicly listed Microfinance institutions (MFIs) can be used for portfolio diversification, while these MFIs still maintain its original social mission. To explore these two aspects of publicly listed MFIs, this study is split in two major parts. The first part is focused on the comparison of risk and return characteristics of selected MFIs shares with conventional financial institutions shares and market equity benchmark indices. The analysis indicates no significant diversification potential in publicly listed microfinance equity. The second part of this thesis is exploring the impact of IPO on publicly listed MFIs social outreach. It was found some evidence of a drift from the original social mission among selected MFIs. However, there is not enough evidence to claim that for-profit investment cause long-term significant operational change of MFIs.
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Three essays on public procurement
Skuhrovec, Jiří ; Janda, Karel (advisor) ; Mejstřík, Michal (referee) ; Tóth, István János (referee) ; King, Lawrence (referee)
The core of thesis lays in quantitative analysis of microeconomic data on public procurement and alternative forms of dealing with public money. It consists of three essays with one common attribute: extensive groundwork with data, including overlaps into legal and technical disciplines. The fist essay examines the relationship between transparency of ownership structure and (i) profits of firms winning public procurement contracts and (ii) competition for the contracts and savings of the public authority. It identifies a significant advantage of firms with opaque ownership structure in terms of access to public money. It concludes with a possible explanation of conflict of interest and corruption, which might channel such advantages. The second essay proposes and tests a novel methodology for benchmarking of contracting authorities. The proposed rating measures a deviation from best practice recommendations in the areas of openness, competition and transparency. Indirectly it measures efficiency and corruption potential in public procurement. The pilot results of the methodology are provided and extensively discussed for a group of Czech municipalities. Third essay investigates issue of crowding out effect potentially introduced by EU funds provision. It studies direct budgetary impacts of...
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Portfólio Value at Risk a Expected Shortfall s použitím vysoko frekvenčních dat
Zváč, Marek ; Fičura, Milan (advisor) ; Janda, Karel (referee)
The main objective of this thesis is to investigate whether multivariate models using Highfrequency data provide significantly more accurate forecasts of Value at Risk and Expected Shortfall than multivariate models using only daily data. Our objective is very topical since the Basel Committee announced in 2013 that is going to change the risk measure used for calculation of capital requirement from Value at Risk to Expected Shortfall. The further improvement of accuracy of both risk measures can be also achieved by incorporation of high-frequency data that are rapidly more available due to significant technological progress. Therefore, we employed parsimonious Heterogeneous Autoregression and its asymmetric version that uses high-frequency data for the modeling of realized covariance matrix. The benchmark models are chosen well established DCC-GARCH and EWMA. The computation of Value at Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall (ES) is done through parametric, semi-parametric and Monte Carlo simulations. The loss distributions are represented by multivariate Gaussian, Student t, multivariate distributions simulated by Copula functions and multivariate filtered historical simulations. There are used univariate loss distributions: Generalized Pareto Distribution from EVT, empirical and standard parametric distributions. The main finding is that Heterogeneous Autoregression model using high-frequency data delivered superior or at least the same accuracy of forecasts of VaR to benchmark models based on daily data. Finally, the backtesting of ES remains still very challenging and applied Test I. and II. did not provide credible validation of the forecasts.
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Biopaliva v Ruské federaci, Ukrajině a Bělorusku: současný stav a výhled do budoucnosti
Stankus, Elena ; Janda, Karel (advisor) ; Mazáček, David (referee)
The purpose of diploma thesis is to provide an overview of biofuels market in Russian Federation, Belarus and Ukraine and estimate prospects of future development. First chapter characterizes biofuels in regard of the feedstock and further utilization. Next part of the thesis describes development of biofuel industry in the key selected countries and analyses current trends on the global market. Next three sections review Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian sectors of biofuels including feedstock potential, supportive policies, strategies, international collaboration and issues in biofuel production, distribution and consumption in each country. Last section of the thesis investigates potential from exported raw materials and its contribution to achievement of established targets with the following outlook for the future development.
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Option pricing under stochastic volatility
Khmelevskiy, Vadim ; Fičura, Milan (advisor) ; Janda, Karel (referee)
This master's thesis focuses on the problem area of option pricing under stochastic volatility. The theoretical part includes terms that are essential for understanding the problem area of option pricing and explains particular models for both option pricing under stochastic volatility and those under constant volatility. The application of described models is performed in the practical part of the thesis. After that particular models are compared to the real data.
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