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Interactions of human immune system with saliva of bloodfeeding Nematocera
Jelínková, Kristýna ; Kolářová, Iva (advisor) ; Janda, Jozef (referee)
In humans, the bites of bloodfeeding insects from the suborder Nematocera induce an immune reaction, both humoral and cell-mediated. Some antigens presented in the saliva of some insect families - Psychodidae, Culicidae, Simuliidae and Ceratopogonidae - are studied more deeply to reveal their immunomodulatory and antigennic properties. Most studies are focused on mosquitos (Culicidae) and sand flies (Psychodidae). Mosquito saliva elicits primarily IgG and IgE antibodies. The level of antibodies in the sera of bitten individuals reflects the length and intensitity of previous exposure to insect bites. Anti-saliva IgE antibodies play an important role in response to the mosquito bites and are frequently associated with allergic reactions. On the other hand, sand fly saliva elicits primarily IgG antibodies. Cell-mediated human immune response to mosquito bites is a neglected research topic. It has been proven that the saliva of sand flies (genus Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia) stimulates proliferation of PBMC from repeatedly bitten humans. Cytokine production by human PBMC and expression of costimulatory molecules in human monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells are also influenced by the presence of sand fly saliva. So far as we know, there are only few studies on human immune response to black fly...
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Characterization of immune cells and monitoring changes of inflammatory proteins in minipig model of Huntington's disease
Butalová, Nikola ; Motlík, Jan (advisor) ; Janda, Jozef (referee)
The Huntington disease (HD) is a hereditary neuro-degenerative disorder caused by a mutation of the huntigtin gene that codes a protein of the same name. The mutated form of the huntigtin gene plays its part in many pathological interactions and influences a number of cellular mechanisms, including the immune system that could serve as a modifier of the neuropathology of the disease. The cells of the monocyte-macrophage system express cytokines whose production changes in relation to the activation of the cell. The presence of the mutated huntingtin protein in these cells renders them hyper-responsive to immunity incentives leading to changes in the production of cytokines. These differences are discernible a few years prior to the appearance of the symptoms. Therefore, the changes in the levels of certain cytokines could serve as appropriate biomarkers for monitoring of the onset of the disease and its progression. The HD pathogenesis includes an inflammation of the central neutral system. Inflammatory changes in peripheral tissues could reflect inflammatory processes in the central neural system. A miniature TgHD pig could represent an appropriate model organism for studying of the impact of the mHtt on the immune system. This model enables to observe a slow progression of the disease. Changes in...
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Analysis of inflammatory biomarkers in the transgenic minipig model of Huntington's disease
Valeková, Ivona ; Motlík, Jan (advisor) ; Janda, Jozef (referee) ; Ondráčková, Petra (referee)
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited monogenic neuropsychiatric degenerative, progressive, and fatal condition. The disease onset is in middle age of the patient. The most prominent clinical features are motor impairment, progressive decline in cognitive functions, and personality changes. Any preventive or disease-modifying therapies are not available so far. Therapeutic interventions can only target symptoms. It is believed that the primary pathology of HD results from massive degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia. However, the expression of mutant huntingtin was detected in all tissues. Thus the mutation in non- neuronal cells of the brain and in peripheral tissues contributes to the pathology of HD. Neuroinflammation, especially microglia activation, is involved in the pathogenesis of HD. Given evidence that mutated huntingtin is expressed in peripheral immune cells, it is possible that inflammatory changes detected in peripheral tissues may reflect the inflammatory process in central nervous system (CNS). Several recent studies indicated that the immune system could act as a modifier of HD neuropathology. In order to monitor the success of any disease- modifying drugs in the pre-manifest stage of HD it is important to identify robust biomarkers of the onset and disease progression....
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