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TACR TJ04000365: Project EDIMO
Chaloupecká, Hana ; Jakubcová, Michala ; Fiala, R. ; Kozohorský, Jan
The report describes the work procedure on the project TACR TJ000365 for the entire duration of its solving. The work procedure, which is already described in the previous reports, is summarized in brief. In contrast, the report is engaged in the validation of the model in deep. The data acquired by the wind-tunnel modelling were utilized for the validation.
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TACR TJ04000365: Project EDIMO in the year 2021
Chaloupecká, Hana ; Fiala, Roman ; Jakubcová, Michala ; Kozohorský, Jan
The paper describes methods of work on the project TACR TJ04000365 in the year 2021. The paper focuses on the description of the models SWIFT and SPRAY. Furthermore, the creation of a middle-model, which was necessary to develop as one step from many others to be able to merge both models, is described. Finally, the paper is engaged in the trial-run of the merged models. The paper introduces the input parameters and the outputs in the form of concentration maps. The appendix contains sensitivity study of the model SWIFT in respect to the main inputs.
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Wind-tunnel modelling & development of emergency software
Chaloupecká, Hana ; Kluková, Zuzana ; Jakubcová, Michala ; Kellnerová, Radka ; Jurčáková, Klára
The report describes the procedure of work on the two-year project TACR TJ01000383.\nIn the year 2018, relations between characteristics of short-term and long-term gas leakages for an urban area were searched utilizing the database COST ES1006. Then, releases of short-term and long-term gases for a rural area were studied. A dimensionless database I. was created from the data.\nIn the year 2019, the dispersion of short-term and long-term gas releases in an industrial area was studied. The measured data were analysed and the dimensionless database II. was created. The databases I. and II. were utilized for the validation of the model. We developed software as the main goal of the project.
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Investigation of flow within naturally ventilated cattle barn: preliminary results from wind-tunnel experiments
Nosek, Štěpán ; Kluková, Zuzana ; Kellnerová, Radka ; Jakubcová, Michala ; Jaňour, Zbyněk
The mean vector (longitudinal and vertical velocity components) and scalar (turbulence intensity) fields within a scale (1:50) model of naturally ventilated cattle barn were qualitatively compared in this study. These qualitative comparisons clearly show the effect of the simulated atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and the opening configuration on the flow characteristics within the barn. ABL of moderately rough terrain produces higher velocities at both the inlet and the outlet openings and inside the barn than that ABL of very rough terrain. However, the intensity of the turbulence is more dependent on the configuration of the opening. For instance, although ABL was very rough and therefore more turbulent, lower turbulence intensities were observed for that ABL than for the moderately rough ABL in the case of middle openings.
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Core of emergency model for urban canopy & Experiments of gas leakages for rural area
Chaloupecká, Hana ; Jakubcová, Michala ; Kellnerová, Radka ; Jurčáková, Klára
The report consists of two parts.\nThe first part copes with the development of an emergency model core for short-term gas leakages for urban canopy. It is explained a procedure in the development of the model, in which after recording input data describing a gas leakage as an output probability density functions for individual puff characteristics and exposed places are obtained. From the output, one can see for example the most probable puff characteristics, which can occur during an accident as well as extreme cases. This is the biggest difference in comparison with the usually used emergency models, in which only mean puff contours and concentration fields are the output. \nIn the second part, experiments of gas leakages for rural area are described. Fulfilment of similarity criterions in wind-tunnel modelling as well as the experiments themselves and the database development is showed.\n
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Air Qaulity at Pedestrian Zone: The Role of Urban-Array Three-Dimensionality
Nosek, Štěpán ; Kellnerová, Radka ; Chaloupecká, Hana ; Jakubcová, Michala ; Jaňour, Zbyněk
Air quality at pedestrian level of two different urban arrays for two wind directions was studied experimentally in a wind-tunnel. Both urban arrays were designed according to typical European cities, formed by courtyard-type buildings with pitched roofs. While the first urban array had constant roof height, the second had variable roof height along all walls. The pollution was simulated by means of ground-level line source in the middle of the urban arrays. The concentrations were measured by a flame ionization detector at horizontal planes at the pedestrian level within the streets and courtyards at the vicinity of the line source. Results of the time and spatial averaged concentration reveal that both wind direction and three-dimensionality of the urban morphology are important parameters influencing the air quality at the pedestrian zones within the urban areas.
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Application of optimization methods in hydrological modeling
Jakubcová, Michala ; Máca, Petr (advisor) ; Hanel, Martin (referee)
Finding the optimal state of reality is the main purpose of the optimization process. The best variant from many possibilities is selected, and the effectiveness of the given system increases. Optimization has been applied in many real life engineering problems as in hydrological modelling. Within the hydrological case studies, the optimization process serves to estimate the best set of model parameters, or to train model weights in artificial neural networks.
Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is relatively recent optimization technique, which has only a few parameters to adjust, and is easy to implement to the selected problem. The original algorithm was modified by many authors. They
focused on changing the initialization of particles in the swarm, updating the population topology, adding new parameters into the equation, or incorporating shuffling mechanism into the algorithm.
The modifications of PSO algorithm improve the performance of the optimization, prevent the premature convergence, and decrease computation time. Therefore, the main aims of the presented doctoral thesis consist of proposal of a new PSO modification with its implementation in C++ programming language. More PSO variants were compared and analysed, and the best methods based on benchmark problems were applied in two hydrological case studies.
The first case study focused on utilization of PSO algorithms in inverse problem related to estimation of parameters of rainfall-runoff model Bilan. In the second case study, combination of artificial neural networks with PSO methods was introduced for forecasting the Standardized precipitation evapotranspiration drought index.
It was found out, that particle swarm optimization is a suitable tool for solving problems in hydrological modelling. The most effective PSO modifications are the one with adaptive version of parameter of inertia weight, which updates the velocity of particles during searching through the multidimensional space via feedback information. The shuffling mechanism and redistribution of particles into complexes, at which the PSO runs separately, also significantly improve the performance.
The contribution of this doctoral thesis lies in creation of new PSO modification, which was tested on benchmark problems, and was successfully applied in two hydrological case studies. The results of this thesis also extended the utilization of PSO methods in real life engineering optimization problems. All analysed PSO algorithms are available for later use within other research projects.
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