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Evaluation of biological activity using Artemia salina
Kvapilová, Radka ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee) ; Macáková, Kateřina (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Author: Mgr. Radka Kvapilová Supervisor: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of rigorous thesis: EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY USING ARTEMIA SALINA Traditional Chinese medicine originated in ancient China and has evolved over thousands of years. TCM therapist use herbal medicines and body practices. Nowadays, Chinese medicine continues to develop and is used by millions of people around the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of these products - Epimedii herba, Salviae miltiorrhizae radix, Zanthoxyli fructus pericarpium, Nelumbinis folium a Gardeniae fructus. The experiment was conducted on organism Artemia salina. These experiments were evaluated after the 24 hours and the LC50 values were calculated. Toxicity declined in order: Zanthoxyli fructus pericarpium > Gardeniae fructus > Nelumbinis folium > Epimedii herba > Salviae miltiorrhizae radix. Key words: Zanthoxyli fructus pericarpium, Gardeniae fructus, Nelumbinis folium, Epimedii herba, Salviae miltiorrhizae radix, Artemia salina.
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Antiprotozoal activity of natural substances
Nechanická, Lenka ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Author: Lenka Nechanická Supervisor: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Antiprotozoal activity of natural substances The discovery of new active substances and plants with a potential antiprotozoal effect nowadays is the aim of many studies and is required for obtaining more active drugs in a number of protozoal disease. In this study was investigated antiprotozoal activity of extracts obtained from various plant parts Salvia officinalis, Apium graveolens L. var. rapaceum, Evodia rutaecarpa, Coptis chinensis, Zanthoxylum nitidum and Ziziphus jujuba. Effect of the tested extracts was evaluated in a typical unicellular organism Tetrahymena thermophila using MTT method. From the values obtained the percent inhibition was detected Tetrahymena thermophila and for each extract value calculated median inhibitory concentrations IC50. Of the extracts tested had the greatest antiprotozoal activity of the extract of C. chinensis, further extracts activity decreases in the order C. chinensis > Z. nitidum > Z. jujuba > S. officinalis > E. rutaecarpa > A. graveolens L. var. rapaceum Key words: antiprotozoal activity, Tetrahymena thermophila, cytotoxicity, natural substances
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Metabolism of isoflavonoids in human organism
Šramarová, Pavlína ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Bc. Pavlína Šramarová Diploma thesis supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Title of thesis 2015/2016: Metabolism of isoflavonoids in human organism, pp. 54 Isoflavonoids are subgroup of flavonoids, belonging to the phytoestrogenic compounds. These compounds occur especially in leguminous, mainly in soya (Glycine max (L.) Merr). They have a positive impact on human health, especially for its estrogenic effects, due to which are applied in the fight against osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis and for moderation of menopausal symptoms. Furthermore they exhibit antibacterial activity and protect cells against damage of DNA. This thesis deals with their metabolism and action in human and animal organism, also with the influence of intestinal microflora to transform these isoflavonoids into metabolites, as well as the effects of these metabolites. There are also mentioned these isoflavonoids: daidzein, genistein, biochanin A, formononetin, calycosin, prunetin, puerarin, cladrin, tectorigenin and kakkalid. Key words: isoflavonoids, metabolism, human organism
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Analysis of Psilocybe constituents I.
Kobrlová, Tereza ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Jáč, Pavel (referee)
The goal of this work was to determine the contents of two main alkaloid types of Psilocybe species occurring in the Czech Republic. Correct identification of species was checked by mycology specialist. Qualitative and quantitative determination of substances contained in three collected species of the genus Psilocybe was carried out by LC-MSn (LIT). Samples were mainly collected in the north and northeast Bohemia. Three species of Psilocybe were found. The most found species were P. serbica var. bohemica then P. semilanceata and only one deposit of P. serbica var. arcana. Total of 35 deposits within eighteen locations. From qualitative point of view, the two main alkaloids were confirmed in all samples. Quantitative results for content of psilocin and psilocybin (in this order) are: P. bohemica 0,005 - 0,152 %, 0,000 - 0,048 %; P. semilanceata 0,087 - 0,337 %, 0,000 - 0,005 %; P. arcana 0,018 - 0,031 %, 0,003 - 0,022 %. Results in all locations are similar and rather dependent on the fungi type. Our results are based on dry mass. This work brought fundamental knowledge for future optimisation of analytical methods and assumptions for the project extension of other locations and determination of content of minority substances alongside the content of majority substances.
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Environmental risk assessment of drugs
Mucalová, Adéla ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
Charles University in Prague Pharmaceutical Faculty in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Adéla Mucalová Consultant: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of thesis: Environmental risk assessment of drugs This work deals with pollution of the environment with human drugs. It suggests the most important ways in which drugs penetrate into groundwater and soil. It outlines the basic principles when considering whether to start watching and then set any action based on the results of the environmental risk assessment. The work is closely focused on oral antibacterial antibiotics and hormonal substances within the meaning of the evaluation of their distribution in the Czech Republic in 2011 and 2012. For this evaluation, the data on consumptions pack converted to kilograms using the following formula: distribution of the active substance (kg) = (power of the active substance (mg) / 1000 000) *contents *number of packages sold. It turned out that consumption of the two groups of substances in the Czech Republic is high, while the knowledge about the correct management of substandard drugs are relatively weak. Keywords: drug residues, waste water, antibiotics, steroid hormones
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The Role of Cytoskeleton and Phospholipids in signaling During Plant Defense Response
Angelini, Jindřiška ; Dušková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee) ; Grančai, Daniel (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Department of pharmaceutical botany and ecology Candidate PharmDr. Jindřiška Matoušková Supervisor Ass. Prof. RNDr. Jiřina Dušková, Csc Title of Doctoral Thesis The role of cytoskeleton and phospholipids in signaling during plant defense response Upon abiotic and biotic cues, plant surveillance system simultaneously triggers a variety of signaling events to develop an effective defense response within a few hours. On the molecular level, signaling period is the chain of many consecutive and fast biochemical reactions. Tracking of one particular signaling event e.g. during plant-pathogen interactions is quite difficult task. Presented work is focused on several components of this intricate defense network; namely on the role of salicylic acid, phospholipid signaling and cytoskeleton dynamics and their mutual interaction coupled with downstream changes of plant metabolom. Live imaging can help to elucidate localization and dynamics of particular, fluorescently labeled proteins during defense response. Plenty of important events occurring in plant- -pathogen interactions take place in plasma membrane: where pathogen perception, exocytosis, endocytosis occure and ion channels and carriers are located. Also phosphatidic...
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Contemporary using of medicinal Cannabis in the Czech Republic
Houdková, Tereza ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Mgr. Tereza Houdková Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Luděk Jahodář, Csc. Title of doctoral thesis: Contemporary using of medicinal Cannabis in the Czech Republic Cannabis. The plant, which is seen quite controversial. The plant, which has an excellent therapeutic effects, on the other hand, a drug that is frowned upon by many people. With the coming of legalization of therapeutic cannabis in the Czech Republi, the issue gets into the public awareness. The aim of this work is the mapping of legislation and the attitudes of institutions to the official use of cannabis as a drug substance.
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Determination of Amygdalin content in trade stone fruits and its biological activity in cultured cancer cells
Janatová, Marie ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Janatová, M.: Determination of amygdalin content in trade stone fruits and its biological activity in cultured cancer cells. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2015, pp.74 Stone fruits from tribe Amygdaleae of Rosaceae family are known for their antioxidant activity and amount of nutrients and vitamins. Their seeds are connected with content of cyanogenic glycoside amygdalin and their possible effect on inhibition of cancer cells growing. The aim of study is to quantitatively analyze amount of amygdalin in extracts of trade stone fruit seeds (apricots, almonds, plums, cherries, sour cherries, peaches) and one dietary supplement B17 APRICARC®. Kernels were extracted in methanol by Soxhlet extractor and subsequently analyzed by TLC and by reverse phase HPLC with UV detection on 214-215 nm wavelength. The highest concentration of amygdalin was found in apricot seeds during their ripeness with the median value 79.59 mg/g of seeds. On the other hand, in sweet almonds and apricots from Pakistan was not detected any amount. The enzymatic hydrolysis by β-glucosidase and degradation of amygdalin was studied in vitro and analyzed by reverse- phase High performance liquid chromatography (rp-HPLC). Anticancer...
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Ecotoxicological study of fluoroquinolone antibiotics mixture on algae
Kozlová, Lucie ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Mgr. Lucie Kozlová Supervisor: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of rigorous thesis: Ecotoxicological study of fluoroquinolone antibiotics mixture on algae This thesis is focused on ecotoxicological risk assessment of two fluoroquinolone antibiotics - ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. A growing test with algae Desmodesmus subspicatus was performed based on the OECD Guidelines n. 201 for testing of chemical substances on freshwater algae and cyanobacteria. The aim of this test was to determine the influence of individual substances and their mixtures in various ratios (1:1, 1:2 and 2:1) on green algae. The test was ended by EC50 evaluation after 72 hours. Only some of the mixture appeared to be more toxic than a single substance. Theoretical calculation of mixtures toxicity has been performed and compared with the experimentally obtained data. All EC50 values obtained significantly exceed the concentration of substances in the environment reported in the literature. Keywords: ecotoxicology, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, Desmodesmus subspicatus, mixtures
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Ecotoxicological screening of diazepam drug
Šilhavá, Tereza ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
54 Abstract (EN) Charles University in Prague, Pharmaceutical Faculty in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Tereza Šilhavá Consultant: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Ecotoxicological screening of diazepam drug Nowadays, information about the influence of medicinal products on the environment is still missing. We have studied the effect of diazepam tablet (5 mg) and the standard on the following organisms: Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotoxkit F Chronic), Thamnocephalus platyurus (Thamnotoxkit FTM ), Desmodesmus subspicatus (algal growth inhibition test). Brachionus calyciflorus was found out as the most sensitive organism also in comparison with already performed tests within the diploma thesis (Rapidtoxkit, Growth inhibition test - Tetrahymena pyriformis, Growth seeds inhibition test - Sinapis alba). Key words: ecotoxicology, diazepam, Brachionus calyciflorus, Thamnocephalus platyurus, Desmodesmus subspicatus
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