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Changes in nutrition, resting energy expenditure, and body composition of Czech women during pregnancy and lactation in relation to birth parameters and milk production.
Najpaverová, Simona ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Tláskal, Petr (referee) ; Kacerovská Musilová, Ivana (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Mgr. Simona Najpaverova Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Miloslav Hronek, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: Changes in nutrition, resting energy expenditure, and body composition of Czech women during pregnancy and lactation in relation to birth parameters and milk production Introduction and objective: During pregnancy, a woman's body undergoes many changes that support proper fetus development and prepare the mother's body for delivery as well as subsequent breast-feeding period. Monitoring of these changes, can detect a non-physiological course of pregnancy and thus prevent potential complications that disrupt fetus development, the delivery itself, lactation or newborn future life. This longitudinal study aimed to detect changes in maternal body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE) and nutritional intake during pregnancy and lactation and assess the relationship of these parameters with newborn characteristics (height, weight) and maternal milk production, which is not well known in women of the Czech population. Methods: 92 healthy primiparous Czech women with a physiological pregnancy were included in the study. The examinations of women were performed in three pregnancy periods...
Evaluation of macronutrient intake in pregnant women
Princová, Kristýna ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Kristýna Princová Supervisor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Evaluation of macronutrient intake in pregnant women Theoretical introduction and aim of the thesis: This diploma thesis deals with the nutrition of pregnant women. Nutrition during pregnancy should fulfill the requierements of both, the pregnant woman and the fetus. It must be sufficient and secure the dosage of essential nutrients, vitamins and minerals. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the intake of energy and particular macronutrients in a group of healthy pregnant women given to their recommended dietary intake (RDI) and to determine whether the intake of macronutrients varies in different stages of pregnancy. Methods: Twelve pregnant women with physiological course of pregnancy in age 24-34 were examined in the laboratory of clinical physiology at the Faculty of Pharmacy of Charles University in Hradec Králové. These women were examined in three pregnancy periods (G1: 24±2; G2: 31±1; G3: 37±1 gestational week). This study was performed in the period from October 2018 to February 2020. The evaluated parameters included energy intake and intake of particular macronutrients (1 week in...
Influence of nutrition on changes in body composition in pregnant and lactating women
Dubňanská, Nikola ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Nikola Dubňanská Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Influence of nutrition on changes in body composition in pregnant and lactating women Background The aim of the work was to evaluate changes in parameters of body composition determined by bioimpedance analysis during pregnancy and lactation. At the same time, we wanted to find out relationship between individual parameters and total energy intake and intake of macronutrients namely carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Methods Body composition parameters were determined by using instruments that are based on the bioimpedance analysis method. Bioimpedance analysis determines the parameters of a body composition from the resistance that various biological tissues show against a weak electric current passing through the body during the measurement. This method is non- invasive, fast, easy to use and also suitable for evaluating body composition in pregnant and lactating women. NutriDan nutritional software was used to evaluate data on energy intake and individual macronutrients obtained from the weekly questionnaire. Results During pregnancy, body weight increased in women and decreased...
Bioimpedance spectroscopic body analysis during lactation.
Urbánková, Tereza ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis was to cover the changes in body composition by bioimpedance spectroscopy in Czech breastfeeding women during three periods - 3 weeks postpartum, 3 months and 6 months postpartum. Eight healthy breastfeeding women were involved in the study. At each examination there were measured anthropometric parameters and bioimpedance spectroscopy parameters by the Body Composition Monitor. Breast milk was also extracted during the study. We observed a gradual decrease in body weight of monitored women. The median weight loss between the first and third examination was 2,2 kg, the median weight in 6 months postpartum was 1,3 kg higher than the median of prepregnancy body weight, two of the women had lower weight 6 months postpartum than before the pregnancy, the body weight of other six women was higher in a scale between 0,1 kg to 3,1 kg. There were not proven statistically significant differences in body composition during lactation. A trend of decrease of TBW was observed during all lactation periods. A trend of slight increase of ICW was observed between the 3rd week and 3rd month postpartum, and then the decrease of ICW in the 6th month postpartum. An increase of LTM and BCM was measured between the 3rd week and 3rd month postpartum, those values have shown a decrease again...
Changes in resting energy expenditure in lactating women
Mrózková, Nancy ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate changes in resting energy expenditure (REE) in ten lactating women between three weeks and nine months postpartum to find out whether there is any link with the parameters presented in this study. Measurements were taken at four intervals. At three weeks and at three, six and nine months postpartum. They were taken in the morning after a night fast (12 hours) and used indirect calorimetry with a canopy in awake lying subjects for approximately 25 minutes. The room was shaded with minimal noise with a temperature around 20 řC. Urine was collected over 24 hours and was examined for nitrogen concentration. The median REE was 1591,86 kcal/day at 3 weeks postpartum, 1398,08 kcal/day at 3 months, 1401,78 kcal/day at 6 months and 1455,03 kcal/day at 9 months postpartum. Values of REE per kilogram of body weight are 21,8 ± 0,36 kcal/kg and are consistent throughout the measurement period. The oxidation of lipids was dominant compared to other substrates and the lowest was oxidation of sacharides during the whole observation period. Correlations were found in parameters such as, body weight and REE per kilogram, breast milk and respiratory quotient (RQ), length of gravidity with RQ/ volume of exhaled carboxydioxide/ volume of inhaled oxygen. Another was between protein...
Mental health problems during pregnancy and in the postpartum period
Bezdíčková, Kristýna ; Nejmanová, Iveta (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Author of bachelor thesis: Kristýna Bezdíčková Supervisor of bachelor thesis: PharmDr. Iveta Nejmanova, Ph.D. Title of bachelor thesis: Mental health problems during pregnancy and in the postpartum period Background: The aim of this work is to unify the knowledge about the difficulty of pregnancy and the puerperium. I would like to point out how pregnancy can affect the woman's psyche. In my work I will deal with individual mental problems, their etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Main findings: This work deals with the issue of pregnancy and puerperium. In the introductory part I focus on the woman's psyche in the early stage of pregnancy, her possible fears that may lead to mental health problems later. I would also like to draw attention to the effect of steroid hormones in this period. This is followed by a general section of etiology, treatment and prevention. In the second half of the work are discussed more or less serious changes in the psyche. Conclusions: Mental disorders can have a serious impact on a mother's life and child's development. Their early diagnosis and possible treatment are important. Key words: puerperium, baby blues, anxiety, insomnia, depression,...
Body composition changes during lactation in breastfeeding women
Flanderová, Dana ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
The aim of the work was to evaluate significant changes in body composition in Czech breastfeeding women during lactation and to confront them with the already available results of other similar studies. For this purpose, 10 female participants of the longitudinal study were selected. Body composition was determined by bioimpedance spectroscopy with a Fresenius Body Composition Monitor. Furthermore, anthropometric methods were used to evaluate the basic body parameters and compare their dependent loss with the values measured by BCM. The measurement was repeated in four periods - 3 weeks, 3 months, 6, and 9 months after delivery. During the observed period, an overall decrease in median weight of 4,2 kg was observed in lactating women. The median weight 9 months postpartum was still 1,2 kg greater than the median weight before pregnancy. No statistically significant differences in body composition were found during lactation. Human milk volume correlated positively with age of women (p = 0,0404; r = 0,3386), negatively with calf circumference (p = 0,0313; r = -0,3545), chin skinfold (p = 0,0198; r = -0,3816), triceps skinfold (p = 0,0905; r = -0,3302), LTI (p = 0,0216; r = -0,3767) and Cm (p = 0,0490; r = -0,3260). Correlations were also found between milk volume and some values needed to calculate...
Intake of nutritional energy and macronutrients in lactating women
Handlová, Hana ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the nutrition of breastfeeding women. The aim was to analyze the nutritional intake of energy, lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and fluids during lactation. For this purpose, the theoretical part gathered knowledge about the intake of substrates and their importance in nutrition with a focus on breastfeeding women. The monitoring took place in three separate lactation periods, namely the 3rd week after birth and the last weeks of the 3rd and 6th month of breastfeeding. At the end of every period, each of the 20 breastfeeding women involved completed a questionnaire, in which they kept a weekly record of the food and fluids consumed. The NutriDan nutritional program and the Excel program for statistical processing of results were used to calculate the number of received substrates. The values obtained were compared with the recommendations of the Nutrition Society valid for the Czech Republic. Nutrient intake did not differ statistically significantly between breastfeeding or between days of the week. The central findings of the study are insufficient energy intake compared to the recommended and relatively lower intake of carbohydrates in the diet at the expense of higher protein intake. Furthermore, the consumption of cholesterol and saturated fatty acids significantly...
The association of energy intake and parameters of energy metabolism in pregnant and lactating women
Danielisová, Monika ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Monika Danielisová Supervisor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph. D. Title of master thesis: The association of energy intake and parameters of energy metabolism in pregnant and lactating women Background: The objective of this study was to compare changes in metabolism during pregnancy and lactation and evaluate the relationship between energy intake (as well as macronutrients intake - saccharides, lipides and proteins) and parameters of energy metabolism. Methods: Method of indirect calorimetry was used to assess the parameters of energy metabolism. In order to evaluate protein oxidation, it was necessary to establish the amount of waste nitrogen, which was measured from 24-hour collection of urine. Energy and macronutrients intake were calculated in NutriDan software based on data from 7 days questionary. Results: Most significant differences in measured volume of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were observed between the period of 3rd and 6th month after delivery and in all 3 measurements throughout pregnancy. The average of predicted resting energy expenditure at the end of pregnancy was 1596 ± 146 kcal/day, which increase to 106 ± 9 %. This declined after 6th month...
Quality of life evaluation in pregnant women in the Czech republic and Slovakia by means of a specific questionaire QOL-GRAV
Bujňáková, Terézia ; Rathouská, Jana (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Title of diploma thesis: Quality of life evaluation in pregnant women in the Czech republic and Slovakia by means of a specific questionaire QOL-GRAV Author: Terézia Bujňáková Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Rathouská, Ph.D. Backround First, an overview of the theory concerning quality of life, pregnancy and folic acid intake was the part of the main aims of this thesis. Experimental section is focused on evaluating quality of life of pregnant women, supplementation of folic acid before and during gravidity and its potential effect on quality of life of women in the Czech republic and Slovakia, evaluated by a specific questionaire QOL-GRAV. Methods We used a quntitative method in the form of specific questionaire QOL-GRAV, in which questions about folic acid supplementation and eating habits changes before and during pregnancy, were implemented. 564 pregnant women from Czech and Slovak republic were questioned in any week of gravidity or two weeks after delivery, at latest. Results We can consider quality of life of pregnant women in Czech and Slovak republic as very good, according to average value 18,81 points of 45 points overall obtained from the questionaire, where minimum possible value of 9...

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1 Hronek, Martin
1 Hronek, Matěj
2 Hronek, Miroslav
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