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The influence of physical activity on body composition parameters of pregnant and lactating women
Skoncová, Damiána ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Damiána Skoncová Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: The influence of physical activity on body parameters of pregnant and lactating women The main target of my diploma was to compare body composition parameters of women in pregnancy and in the lactation. Then, after all these findings determine the impact of physical activity to body composition parameters which we measured by bioimpedance analysis. Data about physical activity we obtained by questionnaire from women before every measurement. Study attended 10 pregnant primiparous women, who have a physiological pregnancy. Study continued in the lactation. Overall we did 8 examinations - 2 examinations in period of gravidity, this were followed by examination on the day of birth, next one on day after birth and last 4 examinations in period of lactation. Body composition parameters were determined on devices, which work on basis of bioimpedance analysis. This method evaluates body composition via weak electric current, which passes through body during measurement. Different tissues show different resistance toward this weak current. Bioimpedance analysis turned out to be as fast,...
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Bioimpedance spectroscopic body analysis during lactation.
Urbánková, Tereza ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis was to cover the changes in body composition by bioimpedance spectroscopy in Czech breastfeeding women during three periods - 3 weeks postpartum, 3 months and 6 months postpartum. Eight healthy breastfeeding women were involved in the study. At each examination there were measured anthropometric parameters and bioimpedance spectroscopy parameters by the Body Composition Monitor. Breast milk was also extracted during the study. We observed a gradual decrease in body weight of monitored women. The median weight loss between the first and third examination was 2,2 kg, the median weight in 6 months postpartum was 1,3 kg higher than the median of prepregnancy body weight, two of the women had lower weight 6 months postpartum than before the pregnancy, the body weight of other six women was higher in a scale between 0,1 kg to 3,1 kg. There were not proven statistically significant differences in body composition during lactation. A trend of decrease of TBW was observed during all lactation periods. A trend of slight increase of ICW was observed between the 3rd week and 3rd month postpartum, and then the decrease of ICW in the 6th month postpartum. An increase of LTM and BCM was measured between the 3rd week and 3rd month postpartum, those values have shown a decrease again...
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Body composition determination by means of bioimpedance analysis in healthy volunteers
Talová, Barbora ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Barbora Talová Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Body composition determination by means of bioimpedance analysis in healthy volunteers The aim of this thesis in theoretical part was to elaborate the existing knowledge about the composition of a human body and methods used for evaluation of body fat. The second aim was to compare the conformity and differences among several methods used to determine total and visceral fat. A total of 43 women participated in the study. They were divided into two groups according to their BMI. The first group consisted of 35 women with normal BMI (21.2 ± 2.2). The second group consisted of 8 obese women with a BMI of 43.4 ± 8.7. Three methods were used to determine body fat in the body-bioimpedance method with bipedal electrode arrangement (Tanita instrument), bioimpedance method with Abdominal fat analyzer and skinfold thickness measurement. The body fat percentage was determined by using the Deurenberg, Brozek, Siri, Bunc and Parizkova calculations. Significant statistical differences between the measured groups were found in age, weight and BMI. A greater amount of fat mass and a lower proportion of...
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The energy balance evaluation at spontaneous breathing polytrauma patients with nutritional support in ICU.
Jelínková, Valerie ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
This thesis investigates the influence of nutrition support on a set of critically ill patients after the administration of parenteral nutrition by measuring their energy expenditure and substrate oxidation. The study was performed on 8 spontaneously breathing patients during the 2nd-5th day of polytrauma and the variables were obtained by Indirect calorimetry. The mean age of the patients was 42 ± 16 years. Four patients were obese, three were overweight and one had normal weight in the examined group. The measurement was conducted on 7 patients after hypocaloric nutrition administration (1323 ± 281 kcal/day) and 1 patient after hypercaloric nutrition administration (3400 kcal/day). Statistical analysis revealed that the administered nutritional support had no significant effect on energy expenditure and the substrate oxidation preference. However, correlations between the values of energy expenditure, nutrients oxidation, and values of some of the laboratory parameters were observed. The energy expenditure of polytraumatic patients measured at least 4 hours after nutritional administration was 2139 ± 518 kcal/day and 24.6 ± 3.5 kcal/kg/day. This energy expenditure was covered by oxidation of proteins (31%), by lipids (46%) and by carbohydrates (23%). Large variability was found among the results...
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Quality of life evaluation in pregnant women in the Czech republic and Slovakia by means of a specific questionaire QOL-GRAV
Bujňáková, Terézia ; Rathouská, Jana (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Title of diploma thesis: Quality of life evaluation in pregnant women in the Czech republic and Slovakia by means of a specific questionaire QOL-GRAV Author: Terézia Bujňáková Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Rathouská, Ph.D. Backround First, an overview of the theory concerning quality of life, pregnancy and folic acid intake was the part of the main aims of this thesis. Experimental section is focused on evaluating quality of life of pregnant women, supplementation of folic acid before and during gravidity and its potential effect on quality of life of women in the Czech republic and Slovakia, evaluated by a specific questionaire QOL-GRAV. Methods We used a quntitative method in the form of specific questionaire QOL-GRAV, in which questions about folic acid supplementation and eating habits changes before and during pregnancy, were implemented. 564 pregnant women from Czech and Slovak republic were questioned in any week of gravidity or two weeks after delivery, at latest. Results We can consider quality of life of pregnant women in Czech and Slovak republic as very good, according to average value 18,81 points of 45 points overall obtained from the questionaire, where minimum possible value of 9...
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Changes in resting energy expenditure during pregnancy.
Gierová, Lucie ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
Background The aim of this work was to determine changes in resting energy expenditure in three periods of pregnancy using indirect calorimetry and assess correlations between the obtained resting energy expenditure values and anthropometric parameters. Methods To determine resting energy expenditure was used indirect calorimetry, which measured oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production, from which this value was calculated. Measurements were performed in seven healthy pregnant women. Measurements took place over three periods. The first examination took place from the 17th to the 27th week of pregnancy, the second from the 28th to the 35th week of pregnancy and the third from the 36th to the 38th week of pregnancy. Results We found that resting energy expenditure values increased with pregnancy length (REE1 = 1670 ± 148 kcal/day; REE2 = 1717 ± 230 kcal/day; REE3 = 1984 ± 209 kcal/day). Also, correlations have been found with age, body weight, fat free mass and fat mass, body surface area, body mass index, and other parameters. Conclusion During pregnancy many changes happen, including metabolic changes. We acknowledged that with increasing duration of pregnancy REE increases, most significantly at the end of pregnancy. This increase is related to a large number of factors, as correlation...
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Body composition determination by means of bioimpedance analysis in healthy volunteers
Talová, Barbora ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Barbora Talová Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Body composition determination by means of bioimpedance analysis in healthy volunteers The aim of this thesis in theoretical part was to elaborate the existing knowledge about the composition of a human body and methods used for evaluation of body fat. The second aim was to compare the conformity and differences among several methods used to determine total and visceral fat. A total of 43 women participated in the study. They were divided into two groups according to their BMI. The first group consisted of 35 women with normal BMI (21.2 ± 2.2). The second group consisted of 8 obese women with a BMI of 43.4 ± 8.7. Three methods were used to determine body fat in the body-bioimpedance method with bipedal electrode arrangement (Tanita instrument), bioimpedance method with Abdominal fat analyzer and skinfold thickness measurement. The body fat percentage was determined by using the Deurenberg, Brozek, Siri, Bunc and Parizkova calculations. Significant statistical differences between the measured groups were found in age, weight and BMI. A greater amount of fat mass and a lower proportion of...
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Supplementation modes for athletes
Oswald, Jaroslav ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Jaroslav Oswald Supervisor of master thesis: PhDr. Zdeňka Kudláčková, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Supplementation modes for athletes The aim of this work was to process information about selected dietary supplements and forbidden substances in sports, and also to give an overview of selected laboratory parameters monitored during training in specific types of athletes. Taking dietary supplements affects performance of active athletes. Supplementation with various dietary supplements can increase muscle mass, improve strength dispositions and help with fat reduction. It is a safe way to stimulate physical activity. It has been proven that usage of anabolic steroids leads to muscle mass increase and strength growth, but this usage is also accompanied with several undesirable side effects. Case reports of three different types of athletes show the differences between a natural user and an anabolic steroids user. The anabolic androgenic steroid user has shown a significant improvement in strength and performance, but he has also noticed some side effects (a slight decrease in testosterone levels after a cycle and an increase in prolactin levels). An amateur bodybuilder and...
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Bioimpedance spectroscopy analysis of body composition during pregnancy.
Nosková, Andrea ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) is a non-invasive and rapid method of determining the amount of body fluids and their distribution within the extracellular and intracellular space based on tissue resistance. The device is able to estimate the mass of fat and muscle tissue due to different amounts of water. The aim of the thesis was to determine the structure of human body in different phases of pregnancy by means of bioimpedance spectroscopy. There are not many research institutes in the Czech Republic dealing with the development of metabolic and physical changes during pregnancy. Seven pregnant women were involved in the clinical observational study. They had physiological pregnancy, good metabolic health, non-smokers and non-drinkers. Except one woman, they were all primiparous. These pregnant women were examined a total of three times by the Body composition monitor (BCM). The measured values showed increase of weight in all examined cases by roughly about 13,3 kg (median). Ratios lean mass tissue/height 2 ratios (LTI) and fat/height 2 ratios (FTI) has reached their maximum at the end of the third trimester. The amount of total fluid (TBM), intracellular fluid (ICW) and extracellular fluid (ECW) increased gradually. The highest peak of all fluids was reached in the third trimester and with...
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