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Roles of Nutritional Factors against COVID-19
Yun, Yina ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
2. ABSTRACT The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, also known as the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), was discovered in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. On March 11, 2020, it was determined that there was a pandemic all over the world. As the world struggles with COVID-19 and an inability of clinically relevant medicines, attention has shifted to modalities that may aid in immune system bolstering. Pharmaceutical companies are working to develop targeted treatments and vaccines for the SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 virus. This is due to the COVID-19 virus's significant impact on the immune system, which manifests itself in a variety of inflammatory reactions. A diet that provides a healthy balance of calories, nutrients, and other macronutrients could significantly aid in the prevention and management of chronic infectious illnesses. A healthy diet rich in vitamins A, C, D, and E, and certain micronutrients and zinc, selenium, copper, iron, and omega-3 fatty acids, may help with a variety of infectious disorders. The goal of this study was to investigate and report on the latest discoveries regarding the use of vitamins and minerals in the treatment of COVID-19. A review of past research is conducted to identify the conclusions reached by other experts considering the beneficial effects...
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Nutritional factors in etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
Park, Hyojung ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Rathouská, Jana (referee)
2. ABSTRACT Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a genetic, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder. AD is responsible for the vast majority of dementia cases, and the increasing prevalence of the disease worldwide is a major public health concern. This paper provides evidence from epidemiological studies is mounting that diet and nutrition are among the many potential risk factors being investigated in relation to the development of AD. These factors are closely related to our way of life, what we eat, and the pathophysiology that can modify and prevent in our day-to-day activities. Since there currently exists no effective and proven treatment or preventative measure for AD, increasing focus is being placed on disease prevention in general and the healthy diet in particular. To reduce the probability of developing AD, preventive intervention should be started as early as possible. Due to the neurodegenerative characteristics of this condition, adequate diet must be taken into account as it has both protective and preventative benefits. These include caffeine, isoflavone phytoestrogen, polyphenols, vitamin B, vitamin D, antioxidant vitamins (vitamins C, E, beta-carotene), minerals (avoid copper, iron, and aluminium), unsaturated fatty acids, vitamin B, and vitamin D. There is evidence that the DASH, Mediterranean,...
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Composition of body fluids in women during pregnancy
Bardová, Petra ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
The aim of this work was to measure and evaluate the amount of body fluids of pregnant women during pregnancy and its link with other monitored parameters. The Bioimpedance spectroscopy method used the Body Composition Monitor from Fresenius Medical Care in order to collect data on body fluid status in ten pregnant women enrolled in a longitudinal clinical study conducted in collaboration with the Faculty of Pharmacy of Charles University and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University Hospital in Hradec Králové. The device measured bioimpedance on 50 frequencies in the range from 5 KHz to 1000 KHz and all women underwent a total of three examinations in specified periods (week 17-27, 28-35 and 36-38 week of pregnancy). During each measurement, main focus was compliance with standard conditions and correct execution. During the study period, statistically significant changes in body fluid volumes were observed in women. The median total body water (TBW) volume increased by 3.8 l, the median extracellular water (ECW) volume by 1.4 l and the median intracellular water (ICW) volume increased by 2.3 l. The increase in body fluids was accompanied by a decrease in resistance values. Decrease in values during pregnancy was also shown in the overhydration parameter. Spearman's correlation...
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Macronutrient intake in women during pregnancy
Mesteková, Štěpánka ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the nutrition of women during pregnancy. Many physiological changes occur during this period and these changes need to be adequately covered to ensure proper fetal development and maternal health. The study aimed to evaluate the nutrition of pregnant women with a focus on energy, protein, lipid, carbohydrate and fluid intake and to assess whether the intake of these nutrients changes during pregnancy. The observation was performed at the Faculty of Pharmacy of Charles University in Hradec Králové from March to December 2020. The survey involved 10 women aged 25-39 years and took place during three separate periods of pregnancy. The NutriDan program was used to obtain nutritional data and statistical processing was performed using Microsoft Excel. The results of the study were compared with the recommendations in the Czech Republic. The intake of individual nutrients and energy did not differ statistically significantly during pregnancy. The obtained results show that the recommended energy intake is not covered and that the proportions of some nutrients do not correspond to the Czech standard. The energy intake of pregnant women is lower than the recommended intake of 2200 kcal / day for non-pregnant and non- breastfeeding women. Women increase protein intake, but at...
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Olive oil and health properties.
Kavvalou, Angeliki ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Nachtigal, Petr (referee)
The diploma thesis explores and shows some effects of olive oil on people's wellbeing, as they have been studied in recent times. It is examined to be a very beneficial food for the organism, and because of its composition, it can give a boost and power to the immune system, especially to people with a very weak immune system. It can also be divided into some specific categories according to the composition, acidity and cultivation of the fruit. Some general characteristics of olives and olive oil will be mentioned. About olives, we will analyze the early procedures such as the cultivation, cooling and flowering, some qualitative characteristics and the variety of olives. The basic categories will be analyzed including Extra Virgin olive oil, Refined olive oil and-so-on, the concentration of each type and what they include, the quality and lastly the way olive oil should be present in the market meaning the standardization, the packaging and the marking. In addition, the chemical composition of olive oil will be mentioned such as phospholipids, hydrocarbons, carotenoids, chlorophylls, vitamins, tocopherols, sterols triterpenoid alkaloids and phenols. Also, it contains some antioxidants like flavonoids, carotenoids, natural and synthetic antioxidants. The role of antioxidants will also get...
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The resting energy need in pregnant women
Volavka, Pavel ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
Background The aim of this work was to determine the resting energy expenditure (REE) of pregnant women using indirect calorimetry. Find connections with other monitored parameters and compare the result with similar studies. Methods The resting energy expenditure was calculated by oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production by indirect calorimetry. Indirect calorimetry was performer under a canopy at rest in bed, without disturbing elements, and after 12hours of fasting. The study involved 10 healthy pregnant women. The measurements during pregnancy were taken three times (21.-27., 31.-32., 36.-37. week). Results We found that resting energy expenditure increased with the length of pregnancy. The median of the REE on each examination was on the first measurement 1412 kcal/day, on the second measurement 1697 kcal/day, and the last measurement 1902 kcal/day. We found a statistically significant correlation of REE with body weight and REE with fat-free mass (FFM). Conclusion Pregnancy is a difficult process with many changes in a women's body. The study confirmed an increase of the REE with a maximum at the end of pregnancy. The results show that the estimated values of the REE and the measured values of the REE were different. Key words: Resting energy need, Pregnancy
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Mediterranean diet and prevention of diseases.
Vlasopoulou, Anastasia ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a well-known worldwide diet and is followed by many people. The fundamental reason is that the actual ingredients and the quantity of them used in this diet have been shown to help in the prevention of diseases. Everyday consumption of olive oil, vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, combined with the frequent intake of fish, dairy products, and controlled consumption of red meat and eggs have been associated with a substantial decrease in the incidence of many cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This has also been proven by either each component consumed acting individually or all the ingredients acting together, complimenting each other's influence. The MD seems to have occupied the scientific community a lot since it is proposed as the primary prevention against various diseases, especially heart diseases and their risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), atherosclerosis, obesity, and dyslipidemia. This paper (DT) analyzes the different types of food included in the Mediterranean pyramid, their effects on health, and the evidence that confirms the above assumption.
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Evaluation of muscle strength and endurance of pregnant women
Hanzalíková, Nikola ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Nikola Hanzalíková Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Evaluation of muscle strength and endurance of pregnant women The aim of this work is to evaluate whether the parameters of muscle strength and endurance on the upper and lower limbs change at different stages of pregnancy. Another goal is to find out whether these parameters are related to the parameters of childbirth. 10 women aged 24 - 36 were chosen for this master thesis and all were first-borns. Each woman was examined three times during pregnancy. They underwent the first examinations during the 20th-27th week of pregnancy (G1), the second between 28 and 35 weeks (G2) and the third examination between 36 and 38 weeks of pregnancy (G3). Muscle strength and endurance were measured using a digital pinch / grip analyzer and a digital myometer. Maximum muscle strength was measured and subsequently muscle endurance at both upper and lower limbs. We found a statistically significant increase in the target time values expressed as a percentage, in periods G2 (by 9 %) and G3 (by 5 %) compared to period G1 on the right hand and a decrease in maximum force on the left hand by 15 - 20 %...
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Evaluation of spirometric parameters of pregnant women
Kočvarová, Martina ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department od Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Martina Kočvarová Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Evaluation of spirometric parameters of pregnant women Background The aim of the thesis is evaluation of the variances in spirometric parameters (both their absolute values and relative in percentage of the predicted value) at different stages of pregnancy and determination the factors related to these changes. Methods The values of spirometric parameters were detected by measurement using the spirometer Otthon and then evaluated by software Thorsoft. Spirometric measurement is a non-invasive and simple measurement of lung function. In the study involving 10 pregnant women, the spirometric measurements were performed three times at different stages of pregnancy. The first measurement was in the 20th - 27th, the second in the 29th - 35th and the third in the 36th - 38th week of pregnancy. Results We observed significant difference of peak expiratory flow in percentage of the predicted value, namely the decrease of 7 % during measurement in the 36th - 38th week of pregnancy compared to the values from measurement in the 29th - 35th week of pregnancy. Other monitored parameters did not...
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Evaluation of macronutrient intake in pregnant women
Princová, Kristýna ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Kristýna Princová Supervisor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Evaluation of macronutrient intake in pregnant women Theoretical introduction and aim of the thesis: This diploma thesis deals with the nutrition of pregnant women. Nutrition during pregnancy should fulfill the requierements of both, the pregnant woman and the fetus. It must be sufficient and secure the dosage of essential nutrients, vitamins and minerals. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the intake of energy and particular macronutrients in a group of healthy pregnant women given to their recommended dietary intake (RDI) and to determine whether the intake of macronutrients varies in different stages of pregnancy. Methods: Twelve pregnant women with physiological course of pregnancy in age 24-34 were examined in the laboratory of clinical physiology at the Faculty of Pharmacy of Charles University in Hradec Králové. These women were examined in three pregnancy periods (G1: 24±2; G2: 31±1; G3: 37±1 gestational week). This study was performed in the period from October 2018 to February 2020. The evaluated parameters included energy intake and intake of particular macronutrients (1 week in...
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