National Repository of Grey Literature 44 records found  previous11 - 20nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.01 seconds. 
Effect of physical exercise on adipose tissue characteristics: influence of obesity and aging
Čížková, Terezie ; Šiklová, Michaela (advisor) ; Horníková, Daniela (referee)
Obesity and ageing are associated with the changes in adipose tissue characteristics, which are con- sidered as one of important contributors to development of complications, such as cardiovascular diseases or type 2 diabetes. Physical exercise is known to be effective in prevention of diseases rela- ted to obesity and ageing. However, the effect of exercise on adipose tissue characteristics is only few elucidated in humans. The goal of this bachelor thesis is to summarize the main effects of exer- cise on adipose tissue characteristics. This thesis subsequently discuss detrimental changes (dysfunction) of the adipose tissue in obesity. Recent findings about the effects of some types of physical training on health of the elderly people are also mentioned. The initial chapter deals with adipose tissue in general, concretely the morphology, metabolism and endocrine function of the adipose tissue are described. Next part is focused on obesity, the concept of a chronic low-grade inflammatory state is introduced. The key section is the fourth chapter, in which the effects of exer- cise on adipose tissue, i.e. effects on metabolism of adipocytes and activation of immune cells, are reviewed. At the end of this thesis, the pathophysiological changes in inflammatory state and adi- pose tissue distribution associated...
Energy metabolism and apoptotsis markers in cold heart aclimated rat.
Pospíšilová, Barbora ; Horníková, Daniela (advisor) ; Knytl, Martin (referee)
Cold adaptation and her effects has been known for many decates. Positive or negative impact depends especially on its length and strength. The lower temperature can very often cause the stress for organism. On the other hand in expreriment with long-term adapatation were found positive consequences on cardiovascular system. We found the lack of studies devoted to the energy metabolism and apoptosis in heart tissue during long-term cold adaptation. In this work we used a model with milder conditions of the adaptation (10žC±1), so there wouldn't be damage of the experimental animals. We compared the resuls betwen control, cold and regressive group of rats. In this expreriment we used methods of electrophoresis and Western blot. The target of the work was found if we can find any differences betwen chosen HIF targeted genes. The next goal was to detect the differences betwen chosen pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic markers. Keywords: cold adaptation, heart, energetic metabolism, HIF, apoptosis
Factors influencing weight gain in pregnncy
Vodrážková, Nicole ; Kaňková, Šárka (advisor) ; Horníková, Daniela (referee)
In this bachelor thesis I described different factors influencing weight gain in each trimester of pregnancy. There are factors influenced by a lifestyle, such as diet, physical activity, smoking, and BMI before pregnancy. There are also factors which are given individual dispositions, changes in metabolism and hormonal status of the organism. On this basis, this thesis deals with the consequences, that has excessive or insufficient weight gain in pregnancy for the mother and her fetus.
The role of cellular senescence in carcinogenesis and aging of the brain
Paroubková, Michaela ; Hodný, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Horníková, Daniela (referee)
The risk of developing many pathological conditions and ageing-releated diseases increases persistently throughout a lifetime. A dramatic increase in the number of people suffering from one of these diseases, such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease, is caused by constant elevation of human life's length due to advancements in modern medicine and changes in life style. Several recent studies have demonstrated that senescent cells accumulate in aged and ill tissues. Senescent cells are metabolically active, but unable of proliferation and unlike the terminally differented cells, they secrete many factors that contribute to the transformation of the tissue microenviroment. The role of senescence as anticancer barier is known for a long time, but its importance in physiological processes and aging is mainly a matter of a recent time. While there is also a lot of studies focusing on cellular senescence in peripheral tissues, their involvement in or contribution to cognitive decline with aging of the central nervous system (CNS) remains relatively unknown. Recent data of many laboratories suggest that senescence-associated secretory phenotype of the non-neuronal senescent cells in brain can cause chronic level of inflammation and thus accompany aging and ageing-related...
The role of desmin in a heart
Šeovićová, Maja ; Horníková, Daniela (advisor) ; Vegrichtová, Markéta (referee)
Desmin forms a muscle specific intermediate filament which participates in a formation of a dynamic intracellular network that links contractile apparatus with a sarcolemma, mitochondria and it provides a communication with a cell nucleus. This network serves to maintain morphological and functional aspects of muscle cells and cell organelles during a muscle contraction. Mutation in a desmin or an absence of desmin is causing a serious disease called desminopathy, which belongs among a group of myofibrillar myopathies. This disease manifests itself in all muscle types, however first observable defects occur in cardiac mitochondria, thus heart is a first organ manifesting symptoms of this disease. The purpose of this thesis was to summarize a current knowledge about physiological and molecular mechanisms that involved in a formation of intracellular desmin network and about patho-physiological states of desminopathies. Key words: desmin, intermediate filaments, heart, desminopathy, cardiomyopathy
Control of creatine kinase activity due to structural changes of the enzyme molecule
Horníková, Daniela ; Mejsnar, Jiří (advisor) ; Amler, Evžen (referee) ; Kolář, František (referee)
74 5. ZÁVĚR Práce prokázala adekvátními chemickými a fyzikálními metodami následující vlastnosti myofibrilární kreatinkinázy (EC 2.7.3.2) (CK), vyčistěné z čisté myofibrilární frakce krysího a králičího svalu m. psoas. 1) Sekvenční 2D SDS elektroforéza odhalila tři izoelektrické body v úzkém rozsahu fyziologického pH 7.17, 7.28 a 7.47. Specifická enzymatická aktivita CK byla 82.35 IU/mg. 2) Rychlost výměny fluorescenčně značené CK-IAF mezi M-linií izolovaných myofibril a okolím (nepřímo úměrně vypovídající o síle vazby CK molekuly v M-linii), měřená v rovnovážném stavu metodou FLIP, se zpomaluje okyselováním okolního prostředí v rozmezí pH 6.5 - 7.2. 3) Rychlost výměny CK-IAF molekuly je ovlivněna přítomností substrátů (pH 7.10 - 7.17), když rychlosti CK se substráty (konformace "closed" a "intermediary") jsou průkazně sníženy oproti rychlosti CK bez substrátů (v konformaci "open"). Specifická enzymatická aktivita při těchto pokusech se snižovala podle vazby v myofibrilách až o dva řády k hodnotě 0.40 IU/mg. 4) Měření steady-state fluorescence vnitřních tryptofanových zbytků neznačené CK prokázala a) trojí pokles fluorescence v čase podle vazby substrátů, b) změnu střední doby života lifetime 2.72 ns volné CK, vlivem vazby ATP (2.38 ns) a vazbou ATP+Cr (2.42 ns). 5) Zhášení fluorescence vnitřních...
Sirtuin 3 and its function in cardiac metabolism
Procházka, Marek ; Horníková, Daniela (advisor) ; Koňaříková, Eliška (referee)
SIRT3 is a NAD+ -dependent deacetylase, that is abundant in the heart and essentially regulates cellular processes in cardiomyocytes. SIRT3 positively modulates most of the enzymes and proteins in the intermediate metabolism in mitochondria, which supply the necessary ATP energy for the heart muscle and that are centers of metabolism in cardiomyocytes. In the mitochondria SIRT3 inhibits the formation of ROS by activating an antioxidant system. SIRT3 has significant anti-apoptotic, anti-hypertrophic and anti-fibrotic cardioprotective effects. Its activation is based on several drugs and natural substances that could be a promising therapeutic approach to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, which are currently the leading cause of death of more than a half of the European population. However, more studies are required for better understanding the processes in which SIRT3 is involved. The aim of this work is to summarize the function of SIRT3 in mitochondrial metabolism and cardiac physiology. Key words: sirtuin 3, cardioprotection, metabolism, heart, mitochondria
The effect of individual components of bee venom on the human body
Spurný, Jakub ; Horníková, Daniela (advisor) ; Čapková Frydrychová, Radmila (referee)
The honeybee (Apis mellifera) uses the sting apparatus to defend itself. It consists of a sting's part and a part related to the production of poison. Bee venom is secreted by special venom glands of bees. The chemical composition of the poison is a mixture of amino acides, peptides and enzymes with the various (patho)physiological effects. Some components of bee venom, for example, cause the breakdown of red blood cells, inhibit tissue excitement, increase heart rate and mean arterial pressure or cause an allergic reaction. On the other hand, the same components of bee venom also show significant positive effects on the human body. These effects have been reported in some diseases of the nervous system (Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease), the cardiovascular system (atherosclerosis), integument (Acne vulgaris) and in the treatment of oncological diseases. For this reason, the study of bee venom components and their potential use in the therapy of various pathological conditions and diseases is important. Key words: sting apparatus; bee venom; organ system; therapy
Control of creatine kinase activity due to structural changes of the enzyme molecule
Horníková, Daniela
Myofibrillar creatine kinase (CK) has been studied for activity control due to structural changes of its molecule. Data indicating three CK conformations for three substrate ligation states were collected, using fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy. As the radius of CK molecule under ligation states: CK free, CK-ATP+creatine and CK-ATP complexes decreases, in the same block sequence decrease: fluorescence lifetimes 2.72, 2.42, 2.38 ns of intrinsic tryptophans emission, anisotropy decays, rotation correlation times 35, 29, 27 ns and acrylamide quenching. Data were confirmed by anisotropy experiments with CK-(FITC labelled), providing the correlation times 34, 30, 27 ns. Results indicate that besides the "energy minimizing" conformational effects of substrates, other essential components of physiological control at the subcellular level should be involved in the transition of the CK- ATP+creatine complex from the intermediary (nonreactive) to the closed (reactive) conformation of the molecule. Keywords: creatine kinase, conformational effect of substrates, enzyme activity control.

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2 Horníková, Dita
1 Horníková, Dominika
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