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Rationality of Human Action and Preferences: A Criticism of Subjectivist-Teleological Tenets of Economics and an Outline of a Remedy
Horák, Vít ; Sojka, Milan (advisor) ; Mlčoch, Lubomír (referee)
The thesis criticizes the subjectivist-teleological principals of economics, more accurately the inability to fulfill them. Economics intended to work with the individual preferences without bias and without any their concretization. The neutrality is, however, distorted by the accepted assumptions among which is very serious the a priori causality between preferences and action. The teleological perspective as it was introduced by Karel Engliš was sharply delimitated with respect causality. Neoclassical and Austrian school, however, emanate from mixing causality and teleology in their conceptions of action and preferences. It is also possible to formulate it as the assumption of certain a priori rationality of human action. I try to clear up the notion of rationality, show the possibilities of its meaning and point out at the radicalism of any assumed causality between preferences and action. I use these conclusions to outline the preference framework that would not repeat identified mistakes, which would, however, set out from the subjectivist-teleological perspective as well.
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Stigmatization of mentally ill from the depression and anxiety patients' point of view
Štěpánková, Tereza ; Horák, Vít (advisor) ; Kabele, Jiří (referee)
The thesis is a study of mentally ill patients with depression and anxiety and their view on stigmatization in contemporary czech society. The thesis introduces the problematice in the context of current political precautions and research including comparison with abroad studies. It points out the current state of psychiatric care in the Czech republic and destigmatizing activities which aim to change this state. Based on ten interviews with patients with diagnosed depression or anxiety, the thesis shows that the stigmatization in case of these patients is not seen in such nature, as defined by literature. The participants experience large scale of negative reactions, however many of them do not meet definitions of stigmatizing attitudes. Their experience with stigma is different in different parts of their life, partly based on whether the people close to them have a previous experience with mental illness or not. The fear of stigmatization is present more often than the stigmatization itself. The participants point out the low awareness of the public considering the stigmatization of mental illness, however they do not participate in destigmatizing activities in any way. Interesting finding was fear of establishing a family, presented by some of the female participants and very frequent use of...
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The Czech Tea Profession and the Phenomenon of Tea Rooms
Schröderová, Karolína ; Spalová, Barbora (advisor) ; Horák, Vít (referee)
In this bachelor thesis I have focused on the Czech tea culture and tea profession across tea rooms. I have dealt with influences that led to the present tea rooms' appearances. Furthermore I am dealing with ways of tea culture spreading, and what conduces to the tea room establishing. I am using the term of subculture in the connection with the tea culture, its meaning and position in the Czech culture. The main data source were semi- structured interviews with the tea rooms owners, all complemented by a participated observation.
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What does the femininity mean: comparison between homosexual and heterosexual women's perspective
Neubertová, Adéla ; Horák, Vít (advisor) ; Kotík, Michal (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the notion of femininity. It aims to explore the ways in which women perceive femininity. Simultaneously it aspires to discover whether these perceptions differ between heterosexual and homosexual women. It is also a partial goal to reveal factors which influence this perception. The theoretical part deals with femininity as a gender category and attempts to introduce the reader into gender issues in terms of femininity. It documents feminine expressions which are generally accepted as typical. It also lists a delineation of homosexuality primarily for the purpose of selection of interviewed women.
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"Hipster" Tote Bag Wearers and their Fashion World
Štěpánková, Tereza ; Horák, Vít (advisor) ; Kotík, Michal (referee)
Tereza Štěpánková "Hipster" tote bag wearers and their fashion world Abstract This bachelor thesis deals with the "hipster" tote bag wearers, their fashion world and the role of the terms hipster and style in their life. The goal of the thesis is to find out, if the wearers of the tote bag can be compared to expert definitions of hipster or if there are any special regularities to describe at all. The thesis is composed of four parts, the theoretical part is an introduction to sociology of fashion, style, selfpresentation with citation of Georg Simmel, Erving Goffman and others. For the reason, that hipster is in some definitions considered a subculture, the term subculture is defined, as are the terms related to it. In the second chapter the term hipster itself and its problematic definition are argued with support of contemporary literature. The methodological part is a description of the research process and data collection. The content of the analytical part is formed by interview data interpreted in context of chosen theoretical theses. Three subchapters were formed in the analytical part based on the data, which present the outcome and answers to the research questions. These subchapters are Common elements between the hipster tote bag wearers and its noncoincidental character, The bag wearers' style...
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Metal Concert Visit as a Ritual
Kolátorová, Lucie ; Čížek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Horák, Vít (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with visiting Metal music concerts. These events are considered to be a ritualised phenomenon which consists of particular elements and which has a particular predictable course. The attention is especially concentrated on the audience of concerts and its behaviour. In the first part of this thesis there are concerned the related concepts such as (Metal) subculture and rituals. The fundamental theoretical basis of this work are the dramaturgic approach of Erving Goffman and the theory of interaction rituals of Randall Collins. The second part is based on a qualitative research where is discussed and described behaviour of the participants at concerts who play in the dramaturgic perspective particular roles which bear themselves the ingrained specific behaviour and dealing by which I can define the situation in which they are. From the point of the interaction rituals there are examined the individual components and the effect of their presence on a success rate of concerts as rituals and motivation of visitors to participate in these events.
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Nicholas of Cusa and Discovery of Weighing
Růžička, Jáchym ; Paulíček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Horák, Vít (referee)
The main goal of this paper is to enlight the failure of method of weighing discovered by Nicholas of Cusa using the perspective of the sociology of science. Based on Merton's theory of foci of interest as demonstrated on the case of Cusa's cosmology, is laid a claim, that there was a claim for the success of Kusansky's method of weighing. After the addition of Bourdieu's characteristics of scientific field and its theoretical limits we introduce two main possible science strategies: Succession and subversion. Subversion strategy is then applied on Cusa's method and therefore the paper concludes his low chances on success. Finally, with the help of Kuhn it is shown that strategy of subversion can only be successful if we redefine the basic principles of normal science and we compare this example to the case of the discovery of the weighing method, so we can point out what was Nicholas of Cusa missing on making his discovery more impactful and how could he raise his chances.
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Tattooed and Non-tattooed as a Different World
Horáková, Lucie ; Kandert, Josef (advisor) ; Horák, Vít (referee)
This bachelor thesis concerns the differences between the world of tattooed and non-tattooed. The text is divided into three parts, in the theoretical part the author explains the term tattoo and presents its brief history, and other terms and theories, which relate to the following empirical part. The second part is methodology, which describes the qualitative research which took place in terms of exploration of the topic, the third part is the analysis of the data itself, which is supported with extracts of the interviews. In this part, the author separately explores the view of the people on themselves and on the society and compares it with expert literature.
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The Tea Culture and Its Forms Across the Czech Tea Rooms
Schröderová, Karolína ; Spalová, Barbora (advisor) ; Horák, Vít (referee)
In this bachelor thesis I have focused on the Czech tea culture across tea rooms. I have described the specifics of the tea rooms and of the tea culture. Furthermore I am dealing with ways of tea culture spreading, and what is the process of the tea room establishing. I am using the term of subculture in the connection with the tea culture, its meaning and position in the Czech culture. The main data source were semi-structured interviews with the tea rooms owners, all complemented by a participated observation.
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