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Function of the GABA and glycine receptors in the mammalian MNTB
Hrušková, Bohdana ; Tureček, Rostislav (advisor) ; Vyklický, Ladislav (referee) ; Horák, Martin (referee)
GABA and glycine are major inhibitory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. They act on ionotropic and metabotropic receptors that form oligomeric complexes in plasma membrane of neuronal cells. Pharmacological properties, subcellular distribution and function of GABA and glycine receptors depend on their subunit composition. The thesis was aimed to find subunit composition and physiological role of ionotropic glycine and metabotropic GABAB receptors in neurons of medial nucleus of trapezoid body, MNTB. The nucleus resides in the mammalian auditory brainstem and it is characterized by well defined excitatory and inhibitory inputs. Excitatory fibers form giant glutamatergic nerve terminals, calyces of Held, whereas inhibitory fibers form small GABA/glycinergic boutons. Both types of afferents innervate somatodenritic parts of MNTB principal neurons. The nucleus thus represents a suitable model for studying molecular and cellular mechanisms of interactions between excitation and inhibition. Our experiments were performed using electrophysiology and immunohistochemistry methods. Patch clamp technique was used to record membrane currents and voltages from neurons in live MNTB slices isolated from rats or mice. Spontaneous and sound-evoked activity of murine MNTB neurons was recorded by in...
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Regulation of NMDA receptor trafficking in mammalian cells
Hemelíková, Katarína ; Horák, Martin (advisor) ; Novotný, Jiří (referee) ; Valeš, Karel (referee)
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are a subclass of glutamate receptors that play an essential role in mediating excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). The activation of NMDA receptors plays a key role in brain development and memory formation. Abnormal regulation of NMDA receptors plays a critical role in the etiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. NMDA receptors form a heterotetrameric complex composed of GluN1, GluN2(A-D) and GluN3(A, B) subunits. The NMDA receptors surface expression is regulated at multiple levels including early processing (synthesis, subunit assembly, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) processing, intracellular trafficking to the cell surface), internalization, recycling and degradation. NMDA receptors are regulated by the availability of GluN subunits within the ER, the presence of ER retention and export signals, and posttranslational modifications including phosphorylation and palmitoylation. However, the role of N-glycosylation in regulating of NMDA receptor processing has not been studied in detail. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanisms of regulation of surface expression and functional properties of NMDA receptors. We used a combination of molecular biology, microscopy, biochemistry and...
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Preach on the Psalm
Horák, Martin ; Filipi, Pavel (advisor) ; Sláma, Petr (referee) ; Chalupa, Petr (referee)
1 Summary This dissertation deals with a question whether and in what circumstances it is possible to preach on the biblical psalms in the church. It elaborates on comprehension of psalms as God's word and therefore an appropriate base for a sermon. Furthermore it illustrates accepted practice of using the psalms for preaching even though liturgical use of psalter was a prayer. The dissertation shows topical, literary and rhetorical inputs the psalms can provide for writing sermons. The final part delivers three examples of sets of sermons employing these options. The work aims to prove the psalms are not only a base for Christian preaching but even a base providing specific possibilities for the preaching. Key words preaching homiletics psalms Old Testament hermeneutics
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Marketing mix the choosen sport organisation
Horák, Martin ; Opelík, Daniel (advisor) ; Voráček, Josef (referee)
Author: Martin Horak Title: Marketing mix of a selected sports organization Objectives: The main objective of this bachelor thesis is to compile recommendations for individual tools of the marketing mix for a sports club. To achieve this objective, the current status must be assessed first. The application of proposed recommendations will lead to an increase in the quality of the services provided, greater satisfaction of customers and club members and an overall improvement in the functioning of the club. Methods: Qualitative research is used to analyse the marketing mix through a semi-structured interview, which is performed with the club management, with parents and with adult members of the club. Results: Suggestions for improvement of the club were created based on the assessment of the current marketing mix, Most of recommendations were made for the product and promotion, as these are very important tools for the club and they were also given the most time in the interviews. Conclusion: In the conclusion is summarized the course of the work and the most important suggestions for improvement. There are some interesting and complicated proposals are too. Keywords: marketing, marketing research, sports club, taekwondo, training, product, price, promotion, distribution, people, process,...
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Neuroprotective effects of ketamine and memantine on NMDA receptors from molecular to systemic level
Hotovec, Matěj ; Horák, Martin (advisor) ; Spišská, Veronika (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to present the evidence for the role of NMDA receptor excitotoxicity in pathology of Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, major depressive disorder and ischemic stroke, evaluate the neuroprotective effects of NMDA receptor antagonists ketamine and memantine based on excitotoxicity research, and review the current body of evidence on their potential use as a treatment for these conditions. Keywords: excitotoxicity, ketamine, memantine, NMDAR, neurodegeneration.
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Contribution to radiodiagnostics and to treatment of chosen pathological lesions of femur in childhood and in adults
Horák, Martin ; Poučková, Pavla (advisor) ; Marek, Josef (referee) ; Vítek, František (referee)
7 Abstract (AJ) Introduction Radiology examination using specialized modern imaging methods, including CT and MRI, is essential in the diagnosis of congenital and acquired diseases of the musculoskeletal system. The first part of the dissertation deals with certain congenital defects of the short femur, known in the literature as proximal femoral focal deficiency (PFFD). This part summarizes our experience with the radiological findings in the preoperative and postoperative period, with the main attention to the vascular supply to the affected area. The second part of the presentation deals with some aspects of autologous chondrocyte transplantation fixed at two different carriers implanted into post-traumatic articular cartilage defects of the distal femur. Radiological findings are evaluated in the relation to the histopathological findings. Objectives The first part of the study after the distribution of patients with PFFD by current commonly used radiographic classification sets the objective in the extent of scans of the hip joints to specify diagnosis PFFD in each patient and to evaluate in detail changes in the area of disability, especially a course of blood vessels. The evaluation of the radiation burden of repeated X-ray measurements was done with respect to the age of the patients. Tissue samples...
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Automatic Defect Detection Of Printed Circuit Board
Horák, Martin
Visual inspection of the printed circuit boards (PCB’s) by human controllers is becoming impossible with the increasing complexity and miniaturization of the circuit boards. To achieve high reliability of the PCB’s manufacturers are forced to develop new methods of inspection that will ensure inline control of every circuit board and separate those that does not fulfil the quality requirements.
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Semantic description of the embedded device screen
Horák, Martin ; Richter, Miloslav (referee) ; Janáková, Ilona (advisor)
Tato diplomová práce se zabývá detekcí prvků uživatelského rozhraní na obrázku displejetiskárny za použití konvolučních neuronových sítí. V teoretické části je provedena rešeršesoučasně používaných architektur pro detekci objektů. V praktické čísti je probrána tvorbagalerie, učení a vyhodnocování vybraných modelů za použití Tensorflow ObjectDetectionAPI. Závěr práce pojednává o vhodnosti vycvičených modelů pro zadaný úkol.
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Weather Forecast Based on Different Sources
Hořák, Martin ; Kořenek, Jan (referee) ; Novotný, Tomáš (advisor)
Bachelor thesis deals with the weather forecast through the artificial neural network with backpropagation method. The forecast is based on data obtained from freely accessible services offering weather information. The created application downloads and saves the forecasts from servers and creates a new forecast. The results of the prediction are being compared with the reality and the original services.
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The role of CRMP2 in the nervous system development.
Žiak, Jakub ; Balaštík, Martin (advisor) ; Jiruška, Přemysl (referee) ; Horák, Martin (referee)
Regulation of axon guidance and pruning of inappropriate synapses is key to development of neural circuits. Secreted semaphorins are integral part of both processes. Collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) has been shown to regulate axon guidance by mediating Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) signaling, however, nothing is known about its role in the synapse pruning. Similarly, it is also not known if CRMP2 mediates signals from other semaphorins. We herein studied CRMP2 protein and revealed its role in growth and pruning of selected axons and dendrites. In newly generated crmp2-/- and crmp2a-/- mice we demonstrate that CRMP2 has a moderate effect on Sema3A-dependent axon guidance in vivo, and its deficiency leads to a mild defect in axon guidance in peripheral nerves and corpus callosum. CRMP2A isoform is specifically involved in development of callosal axons. Surprisingly, we show that crmp2-/- mice display prominent defects in stereotyped axon pruning in hippocampus and visual cortex and altered dendritic spine remodeling, which are consistent with impaired Sema3F signaling and with models of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Indeed, we demonstrate that CRMP2 mediates Sema3F signaling in primary neurons and that crmp2-/- mice display ASD-related social behavior changes in early postnatal period as well...
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