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Utilization of lactate during exercise in the context of genetic dispositions
Vostatková, Pavlína ; Petr, Miroslav (advisor) ; Heller, Jan (referee) ; Balkó, Štefan (referee)
Title: Utilization of lactate during exercise in the context of genetic dispositions Objectives: The aim of the dissertation is to investigate, within a group of athletes from speed- endurance disciplines, the influence of selected polymorphisms in genes encoding lactate transporters MCT1-4 on lactate levels before, during, and after Intermittent 30s Wingate Test. A sub-objective of the study is to identify differences in allele and genotype frequencies in the respective polymorphisms between the group of athletes and controls. Methods: The research group consisted of 91 Eastern European Caucasian men, members of the Czech Athletic Association with elite performance in the 400 m run (age 20.4 ± 3.2 years; body weight 74.07 ± 7.5 kg; height 182.7 ± 6.14 cm). A control group (n=100; age 20.5 ± 1.2; body mass 77.5 ± 9.47 kg; height 181.5 ± 6.35 cm) of physically active individuals who did not perform speed and strength sports was used for allele and genotype comparisons. For genotypic analysis of selected polymorphisms, buccal mucosa swabs were performed in the probands. DNA isolation and subsequent genetic analyses were performed in collaboration with the Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw. The frequencies of individual alleles and genotypes were tested for compliance with...
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The effect of the COVID 19 infection on the respiratory and cardiovascular system, physical stress during the course of the disease
Doležalová, Anna ; Heller, Jan (advisor) ; Šteffl, Michal (referee)
Title: Impact of the COVID 19 infection on the respiratory and cardiovascular system, physical strain during the course of the disease Aims: The primary aim of this thesis is to find and study the latest relevant findings regarding the impact of COVID 19 infection on the respiratory system, cardiovascular system and the effect of physical strain on the course of this disease. Subsequently, to write down a critical review on the topic. Methods: A literature review on the impact of COVID 19 infection on the respiratory system, the cardiovascular system and the effect of physical strain on the course of the disease. Results: The impact of the COVID 19 infection on the respiratory system is considerable. The disease can be asymptomatic or with only mild symptoms, typically shortness of breath and cough. The main manifestation of a developed infection is bilateral covid pneumonia, which progresses to ARDS in approximately 20-30% of hospitalized patients. The impact of the disease on the cardiovascular system is increasingly debated. Sources describe elevation of troponin in the serum, as an indicator of myocardial damage, in up to 12% of all cases. It can manifest as myocarditis, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock or even heart failure. The infection of COVID 19 is a multisystem...
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Influence of Wim Hof method on freediver performance
Pilušová, Viktorie ; Heller, Jan (advisor) ; Pavlů, Dagmar (referee)
Title: Influence of Wim Hof method on freediver performance Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to find out whether Wim Hof's method (WHM) can demonstrably improve the performance of a freediver and whether, as an added component of regeneration in his training unit, it can demonstrably contribute to the improvement of selected physiological parameters, compared to a group practicing Pranayama in combination with cold exposure and meditation and a control group without intervention. Another goal is to compare the results obtained in the individual groups for a period of two and four weeks of measurement and thus objectify the effect of the selected intervention. Methods: As part of the issue of improving the athlete's performance, selected physiological parameters of individuals engaged in freediving on the breath were observed. For the implementation, the WHM was used, which uses the connection of psychological and physical resistance to stress factors. A total of 32 healthy male subjects in the age range of 32-61 years participated in the study, who were randomly divided by lot into 3 as closely as possible groups of 10-11 members each for WHM or Pranayama training, or into a control group. The experiment consisted of an initial measurement, where input data was taken from the participants and...
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Specific tests of aspects of quality of life in lower limb amputees and the use of the TAPES-R questionnaire
Kotrbatá, Karolína ; Šorfová, Monika (advisor) ; Heller, Jan (referee)
A loss of a lower body extremity affects all parts of life. Essentially mobility is limited, that is projected into occupational, social and leisure activities. Consequence can be psychological disorders and even in the worst case social isolation. Therefore, it is important to follow up quality of life of people with lower body extremity amputation, label problematic areas and prioritise their solution comprehensive rehabilitation. Thesis summary includes general information of amputation, their consequences and prosthetics. Factors, which can affect life quality of lower body extremity amputees, were also included. Simultaneously was done a collection and description of questionnaires of this certain population. In the thesis was used a method of reverses translation of TAPES-R questionnaire and then applied to lower body extremity amputees in the Czech Republic. Results were analysed. Those indicate, that the majority of problems occur in hobby and sport sphere. Another limitations were shown in employment, prosthesis comfort and occurrence of phantom or other pains. Results did not confirm hypothesis of existence of a link between prior past since amputation and lowering frequency of phantom difficulties or perception of own physical abilities during increasing time period since amputation....
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The methods of training in high-altitude conditions
Polívka, Tomáš ; Heller, Jan (advisor) ; Šteffl, Michal (referee)
Title: The Methods Of Training In High-Altitude Conditions Aim: The aim of the study was to summarize published information on the issue of training methods in high mountain conditions and to determine whether the current use of methods can positively affect the performance of athletes. It includes findings from the history and current use of methods to achieve adaptive changes in the body. Methods: The method used in the bachelor thesis was document analysis and electronic database search. Results: We found that high-altitude training in both natural and artificial conditions improves oxygen transfer, red blood cell volume and maximal oxygen consumption VO2max. Thus, it can positively influence the performance of athletes when certain factors associated with hypoxic training are respected. We have also found that there is a considerable amount of scientific literature on the subject, which continues to grow, but the evidence is by no means conclusive. Keywords: Hypoxic training, altitude, performance, adaptation, acclimatization
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Heart rate recovery as a predictor for VO2max and anaerobic threshold
Cabrnoch, Bohuslav ; Hráský, Pavel (advisor) ; Heller, Jan (referee)
Title: Heart rate recovery as a predictor for VO2max and anaerobic threshold Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the statistical relationship between the maximum VO2max values at standardized loading, with a decrease in heart rate after maximal loading, and functional anaerobic threshold values. Methods: Ten healthy men, aged 22-26 years, participated in the testing. The probands had their blood pressure, weight and height measured before testing. Subsequently, they were fitted with a silicone spiro-ergometric mask and chest belt to measure heart rate. After stepping on the treadmill ergometer, standing spirometry (FEV1/FVC) and minute ventilation in sitting were performed. In the warm-up, probands completed a run for 4 minutes (11 km/h, 0 incline). In 5th minute the incline was set to 5. From the 6th minute onwards, the speed of the treadmill ergometer was increased by 1 km/h every minute until the proband could not continue. After the run, the proband was seated and heart rate was measured for 5 minutes along with spirometry. Results: Although there was a positive correlation between the heart rate recovery after 30 s, 90 s and 240 s after maximal load and peak values of VO2max, these correlation (r = 0,51, r = 0,49, r = 0,53) are not strong enough to generalize the results. No...
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The influence of alcohol consumption and smoking on the physical condition of senior women
Teplá, Jana ; Heller, Jan (advisor) ; Kramperová, Veronika (referee)
Title: The influence of alcohol consumption and smoking on the physical condition of senior women Objectives: Assessment of the influence of alcohol consumption and smoking on the physical condition of senior women over 60 years of age Methods: The work will be processed as a cross-sectional study, in which data will be collected using a questionnaire regarding alcohol consumption and smoking during life and four physical tests selected from the test battery Senior fitness test. In order to complete the study, data regarding the lifestyle of the participants will be collected by additional questions. Results: 34 senior women aged 61-89 participated in the study. The average age of the participants was 72,1 years. Three senior women reported consumption of 15 cigarettes per day, one 12 cigarettes, two 10 cigarettes, one 10 cigarettes and one 7 cigarettes per day. Three of these women met or exceeded the normative range for their age in all physical tests, two did not reach the normative range only once, both in the 6-minute walk test, one met the norm only in the 30-Second Chair Stand, and the remaining two did not meet the norms in any test. Seventeen senior women do not consume alcohol, seven stated an average alcohol consumption of up to 20 g per day, ten over 20 g of alcohol per day and two...
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Effects of respiratory muscles training in smokers and nonsmokers
Godara, Vikrant ; Heller, Jan (advisor) ; Pavlů, Dagmar (referee)
Effect of respiratory muscle training on Smokers and Non-smokers The aim of this study is to find out the effect of respiratory muscles training on smokers and non-smokers, and how it affects the pulmonary function. For the measurement different tools were used, such as Spirometry, Spirovis, and Ergometer. All the candidates were between the age of 25-35 years, with no health problems. The 16 candidates were divided into two groups, 8 candidates in the smokers group (the people who smokes), and the other 8 people in the non-smokers group (the people who don't smoke). Both the groups went through the initial examination, then suggested exercises for 14 days regularly and then finally the final examination. For the measurement FEV1, FVC, MEF, PEF, PWC170, VO2 max, Inspiratory and Expiratory pressures were used. For the evaluation Paired T-test, Effect size and common variance were used. As a result, the intervention exercises had a positive effect on both the groups but a little more on the smokers as compared with the other group. But there was not a significant result in some of the tests. Therefore, a bigger research on this topic should be done. Key words - FEV1, FVC, MEF, PEF, PWC170, VO2 max, Inspiratory and Expiratory pressures Spirometry, Spirovis, Ergometer, Breathing exercises, Paired...
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Effect of Supplementation on Somatic Parameters
Kostikidou, Marianthi ; Kinkorová, Ivana (advisor) ; Heller, Jan (referee)
Author: Bc. Marianthi Kostikidou Title: Effect of supplementation on somatic parameters Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a 60-day long supplementation with Tribulus Terrestris on the body composition of healthy men. Methods: This diploma thesis is a double-blinded experiment. The theoretical part was mainly processed on the basis of information from electronic sources in English and Czech language. The subjects of this study were within the range of 18-35 years old and were randomly divided into an experimental (TT1) and a control (TT2) group. We examined changes in basic anthropometric parameters (height, weight, circumferences, skinfolds) and body composition estimated by bioelectrical impedance (BIA). The statistical analysis of the data was evaluated using ANOVA. The level of significance was set to 0.05. Results: In TT1 we observed significant changes in anthropometric parameters. Changes in body composition estimated by BIA were not of statistical significance. Statistically significant changes in TT2 were noted in both anthropometric measurements and BIA. Changes in both groups could be caused by various factors. Keywords: ergogens, nutritional supplements, tribulus terrestris, testosterone, caliperation, body composition, bioelectrical impedance
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Comparing Effect of Static, Dynamic, and Combined Stretching Exercises for Semi-Professional College Football Players on Sprint Performance
Trombi, Osama Ali M ; Heller, Jan (advisor) ; Pavlů, Dagmar (referee)
Goal The aim of our experimental study to combine one resistance-training exercise (Bulgarian Split Squat Exercise) with three types of stretching exercises (static, dynamic, and combination stretching exercises) to find which protocol has positive effective in improving the short-sprint time performance in 20 meters for semi-professional college football players in five sessions in acute term- phase (10days). Methodology The number of participants was 20 male healthy semi-professional college football players. They were all between the age of 18 - 30 (means 25.5). All participants played football in different positions in each group included defenders, attackers, midfields, wings position, and they were choosing randomly to each group from these positions. They were asked by the main researcher personally to participate in the experimental study. The place of the intervention program was at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport. The program lasted for ten days in five sessions, each group had a specific protocol, and all groups had the recovery procedures and they received information on the safety, rules, and risk factors. The participants divided into four groups equally in each group five participants, the first group was control group (CG), second group performed static stretching (SS),...
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