National Repository of Grey Literature 23 records found  1 - 10nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.00 seconds. 
Tax Expenditures: The Extent of Corporate Tax Breaks in the Czech Republic
Pankina, Anastasia ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Hejlová, Hana (referee)
Until 2014 the Czech Republic has never published reports on tax expenditures. This paper deals with the analysis of corporate income tax breaks, their estimation, reporting practice and effect on the state budget. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze and estimate the extent of corporate income tax breaks in the Czech Republic from 2008 to 2013. In order to compute tax expenditures we applied a revenue forgone method. According to our estimations, most of the corporate income tax expenditures in the Czech republic were growing gradually during the estimated period, except of tax breaks for expenses on R&D and investment incentives, which increased more than twice from 2008 to 2013. We assume that this increase is a consequence of government reforms oriented to promote R&D and inflow of investments in the Czech Republic. Also, we compared our results with previous study on this topic and discussed the differences. In 2012 corporate tax expenditure in the Czech Republic accounted for about 1.6% of total state revenue from taxation, the comparison with estimates from other EU member states and US indicated that commonly this number does not exceed 2%. Moreover, during our analysis of corporate income tax breaks in different countries we noticed that high and sharp increases of total tax...
Regional Determinants of Housing Affordability in the Czech Republic
Smolár, Peter ; Hejlová, Hana (advisor) ; Chytilová, Julie (referee)
The main motivation behind this study lays in identification of regional determinants in the Czech Republic. Because of lower manifested heterogeneity of apartment in comparison with houses, housing affordability was measured by a ratio of average buying price of an apartment over average annual disposable income per capita. Regional housing affordability was judged en bloc and was not measured in an attempt to identify subpopulations threatened by high housing costs. The object of interest was the impact of individual dependent variables on the price-to-income ratio. For the purpose of this study, only factors affecting at the same time housing prices and housing income, either directly or indirectly through correlation, are taken into consideration. The estimation of our model suggests that economically and statistically significant are the variables for the relative number of divorces, births or the proportion of urban population. All of the effects, disregarding only one variable, went in the same direction as they were expected to go. Also, it was possible to provide an answer to the question whether inclusion of composite determinants, such as natural population growth, may affect the interpretation of the results. In accordance with empirical studies on regional housing prices determinants, the study...
Efficiency of Regulation on Spanish Housing Market
Hejlová, Hana ; Hlaváček, Michal (advisor) ; Doležel, Pavel (referee)
Covering reciprocal and mutually reinforcing relations between business, housing and credit cycles, the thesis assesses the Spanish housing market in its wider circumstances. With use of several conceptual notes on demand for housing, dynamic path of the house prices in Spain may be explained based on the difference in how these structural components react on changes in financial and macroeconomic environment. As a result of controlling for match of demand and supply in both timely and spatial manner empirically, expectations were included to explain the subsequent volume of housing traded on the market and simple microeconomic decision making model taking into account taxes was derived to assess the role favourable incentives might have played on fuelling the house price cycle in Spain. Next, existence of the reciprocal relations suggested by the theory discussed was confirmed empirically only during the house price upturn and asymmetry in speed of downward adjustment was found in the opposite case, pointing out at the redistribution effect abrupt changes in house prices have in time. The results derived finally allowed to assess possibilities of better employment of anti cyclical regulatory tools towards eliminating mutually enforcing powers between the cycles and avoiding both financial and...
Numerical fiscal rules and fiscal institutions in an economy with a dynamic common pool problem
Janásek, Lukáš ; Gregor, Martin (advisor) ; Hejlová, Hana (referee)
1 Abstract The focus of this bachelor's thesis is fiscal policy of a fragmented government that represents symmetric socio-economic groups. For the analysis of fiscal policy, I develop the model of a dynamic common pool. In the model, the fiscal choices of interest are 1) a level of tax revenue, 2) a level of public productive spending and 3) an intertemporal choice of a level of group's consumption spending. For each of the fiscal decisions, I describe a distortion associated with the fiscal choice stemming from the decentralized decision making. Next, I examine the impact of a deficit ceiling and fiscal institutions that centralize separate fiscal choices of groups on the three distortions. Due to the symmetry of groups, the analysis abstracts from the efficiency-equity trade-off. Among the key results is that three fiscal frameworks can attain the socially desirable fiscal policy: 1) centralization of the productive spending and the tax revenue combined with a deficit ceiling, 2) centralization of the consumption spending, 3) centralization of a budget size and the productive spending.
Home Ownership vs. Renting: Comparison of Costs in the Czech Republic
Tláskalová, Andrea ; Hejlová, Hana (advisor) ; Cahlík, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis develops a cost-benefit analysis of ownership versus renting and investigates the net present values of these alternatives within three different investment and consumption strategies. In order to investigate interactions among the variables and to perform a more detailed analysis, microdata on real estate purchase offers and real estate rental offers are used. Due to the size of the real estate market and the diversity of property types, we focus our analysis on the real estates located in Prague. The thesis' results indicate that ownership is more profitable than renting under the conditions of only one group out of twelve. However, the thesis presents values of three key parameters of home ownership costs for which ownership would be equally profitable as renting. Finally, we attempt to explain the price-to-rent ratio using various apartment characteristics. The OLS regression method uncovers negative impact of the ground floor variable and the panel building variable on the ratio, resulting in higher relative affordability of buying when compared to renting. Number of rooms variable, on the contrary, shows positive impact on the ratio and an additional room in an apartment results in lower relative affordability of buying when compared to renting.
Impact of Population Policies on Economic Development
Kaneko, Shinya ; Cahlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Hejlová, Hana (referee)
Within the presented thesis, the issue on the impact of population policy types and economic development is investigated using econometric regression analysis on an unbalanced data panel of 188 countries during the period of 2000 to 2014. The key development of the existing econometric model is the adoption of population policy indicator variables according to the type of population policy (pronatal, antinatal, maintain and no intervention). The aim of this thesis is to show the significance and positive or negative correlation of population policy dummy variables with the use of representative datasets, which were selected according to empirical research. Additionally, the same model is also conducted for different groups of countries, (more developed, less developed and least developed) so as to examine the outcome according to the level of development. Consequently, short term negative effect of pronatalistic and maintaining population policy on GDP per capita is demonstrated. On contrary, regressions on different groups of countries validates no significant evidence on policy dummy variables.
Topics in Real Estate Analysis and Macroprudential Policy
Hejlová, Hana ; Hlaváček, Michal (advisor) ; Geršl, Adam (referee) ; Olszewski, Krzysztof (referee) ; Rychtárik, Štefan (referee)
This dissertation thesis consists of three chapters devoted to analyzing residential and commercial real estate prices, assessing risks related to residential real estate exposures for financial stability, and calibrating borrower-based macroprudential measures to address those risks. Each chapter presents a general approach(es), which can be used - after certain adjustments - for similar analyses across countries and application to the Czech Republic or the CEE countries. In Chapter 1, we first show the application of a standard inverted demand model of the equilibrium house prices, which we extend to take into account the population ageing in the Czech Republic with potential impact on the effective demand for owner- occupied housing. Then, we present an alternative model that considers possible amplification between house prices, mortgage credit, and the real economy and investigates whether non-linearities in the short-term house price dynamic are present in the Czech Republic. By this, we extend the scarce empirical literature on non-linearities in house prices. Next, we abstract from economic determinants of house prices, which may lead to biased results if procyclical, and analyze the interaction between asking and transaction prices as a kind of revealed expectations of buyers and sellers...
Real estate price modelling with a focus on location attributes
Charvát, Ondřej ; Polák, Petr (advisor) ; Hejlová, Hana (referee)
The thesis introduces several methods of real estate price modelling suitable either for prediction of the housing prices or for exploring the relationships between the price and its determinants. We compared the conventional linear regression approach to the tree-based methods of machine learning. The comparison analysis on the dataset of 28 019 apartments in Prague suggests that regression trees (especially the Random forest) yield a higher accuracy in the price prediction. Another objective was to examine the effects of location attributes (especially its accessibility and environmental quality) on the prices of nearby apartments. To address the spatial interactions in the geographical data, we employed three spatially conscious models to achieve more reliable results. The local analysis performed with the geographically weighted regression confirmed the presence of spatial heterogeneity and described the price effects relative to the location. In some areas, an increase of 100 meters in distance from the nearest metro station and the nearest park are associated with a decrease in the apartment prices by 644 CZK/m2 and 916 CZK/m2 , respectively. These findings are especially important for the apartments near the stations of the new metro line, which is currently in construction.

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1 Hejlová, Helena
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