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Effect of birth order on relationship satisfaction
Tureček, Petr ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Preiss, Marek (referee)
Several previous studies suggest, that early life environment influences partner choice and quality of romantic relationship in adulthood. One of the significant factors influencing individuals in their childhood is the presence of siblings. There were numerous investigations executed whether the number and the sex of partner's siblings has any significant impact on their relationship. For the past few decades the duplication theorem was used as the stepping stone into this field of research. This theorem states that duplication of interpersonal patterns that spouses come from (e.g. couple consisting of firstborn and lastborn) is desired in a romantic relationship. However, nowadays there are some studies implying that in fact homogamy of the sibling positions could be beneficial. We collected data about sibling constellations and romantic relationships of the participants (2537) and their parents (838) through web-based questionnaires. We tested both of the theories listed above considering representation of pairs in the population, their stability and self-report questionnaire-based compatibility. Taking into account also the sex of the siblings we created new categorization of pair based on the degree of common childhood experience; experience that is rooted − as a counterpart to duplication...
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Sexual imprinting in humans in comparative perspective
Pražská, Veronika ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Landová, Eva (referee)
Sexual imprinting is a specific form of learning, which was originally defined as the development of a cognitive model of sexual partner based on parental characteristics. This model subsequently influences the mate preferences in adulthood. Imprinting is characterized by difficult modifications of the acquired model and specific sensitivity for this type of learning in fixed period of ontogenesis. However, it remains an open question whether above described definition of imprinting can be applied to the development of the human mate preferences. Recently, it was pointed out that filial and sexual imprinting should be treated separately. However, many previous studies didn't reflect upon this distinction. Probably, function of filial imprinting is recognition of own species, the sexual imprinting affects preferences on sexual partner. Sexual imprinting could be also a mechanism of avoidance of in/outbreeding. Considering that in humans we can only speculate about the role of the parental imprinting, we will mainly focus on the critical review of studies on sexual imprinting. Results of some studies point out, that the effect of positive sexual imprinting can be modulated by a quality of the parent-offspring relationship. Apart from the positive sexual imprinting, we will further focus on negative...
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Evolutionary rationale of manifestation of personality traits to vocal expression
Kozák, Jan ; Pivoňková, Věra (advisor) ; Havlíček, Jan (referee)
Previous research in the field of vocal expression in relation to personality variables slightly uncovered some acoustic parameters that correlate with personality characteristics in different models of personality. However, just few studies have examined antisocial personality characteristics including also Dark triad traits. The Dark triad itself is a relatively new concept that has not been studied in relation to the acoustic parameters. This explorative study examines the correlation between acoustic parameters of the voice spectrum and personality traits of Dark Triad, NEO-FFI and Self-deception. For this research were selected voice samples in the form of prolonged phonation vocals / a /, / e /, / i /, / o /, / u /, reading of text, and neutral spontaneous description. Research was attended by 66 participants who completed personality questionnaires SD3, NEO-FFI and SDQ. From an acoustic perspective were measured 21 parameters describing voice quality in software PRAAT. Data analysis revealed significant correlations between personality traits and some acoustic parameters. As an important parameters have showed HNR, jitter and shimmer. The results confirm that certain personality traits are manifested through the human voice. The actual mechanism of influences on voice in this work was only...
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Choice of perfumes and their interaction with body odour
Gwužďová, Markéta ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Martinec Nováková, Lenka (referee)
The traditional assumption that perfumes are used only for masking of the body odour was doubted by the results of recent researches. In spite of the fact that the biological role of human body odour is very important, it is likely that perfumes are not in conflict with the body odour but there is mutual cooperation. Individuals could choose the scent which goes with their body odour instead of hiding it. In the theoretical part of this thesis I describe a dual inheritance theory, which is a basic concept for our research. We have been concerned with the interaction between biological effects of body odour and social effects of perfumes. Moreover, we have worked on the assumption that the body odour of relatives is similar. We have tested if people are better in their choice of the appropriate perfume for their relatives than for anyone else, in this case partners. Which perfume fits into which body odour was assessed by the independent evaluators of opposite sex because one of the main objectives of chemical signalling is to attract a potential partner. Surprisingly, the results of our research have shown that in the case of couples, the samples of the body odour and perfumes chosen by female partners were slightly better evaluated than the perfumes chosen by men themselves. Moreover, there were...
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The influence of family constellation on education considering age-gap and gender of siblings
Kuba, Radim ; Flegr, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Havlíček, Jan (referee)
Biological and social factors determines human personality. Birth order and its influence rank among strong phenotype forming factors. Practical application of the knowledge is complicated due the lack of evidence in this area in the Czech Republic. In our study, we focused on the role of age-gap between siblings and the role of gender on the birth order in education. Proportion of firstborns in various group of biology students were analysed. We found significantly higher proportions of firstborns than expected. The results were compared to the sample from the years 1990-1995. A small decrease in firstborns representation is observed. We also find big influence of gender and age-gap between siblings on the effects. Decrease in age-gaps increases the proportion of firstborns. Similar effects were found in personality traits data. Our study is unfortunately limited due to small numbers of participants. We suggest replication of our results and further testing of the effects.
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Tools for virtual agent behavior specification in POSH
Havlíček, Jan ; Gemrot, Jakub (advisor) ; Komenda, Antonín (referee)
Goal of the work is to improve the SPOSH planner and its developement tools. SPOSH is a reactive planner of virtual agents similar to behavior trees that is used in the Pogamut platform, which is used to develop virtual agents. SPOSH itself suffers from several problems, especially excessive duplication of primitives (actions and senses) in different agents and unnatural execution of primitives. This work aims to remove these problems. Nearly all behavior tree planners are not public and developement tools are not usually available. Absence of such tools, especially of debugger, is major problem for users. Part of this work are tools for easy creation and debugging of SPOSH plans. Improved planner and created tools are demonstrated using an agent in game Unreal Tournament 2004.
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The Environmental Effects on Human Body Odour
Dneboská, Tereza ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Martinec Nováková, Lenka (referee)
The main source of the human body odour is an axillary region. Human body odour is individually specific and results from genetic and environmental factors. Human body odour is an important sexual attractant for potential partners. It is influenced by environmental factors, such as an emotional state and health. Important environmental factors influencing human body odour are also eating habits. However, we know very little about how particular dietary components shape our body odour. Only the effect of red meat and garlic consumption have been tested. Here we tested the effect of caffeine (from usual source and guarana) and beta- carotene. In our three experiments we used a balanced within-subject experimental design. Volunteers donated twice their body odour: once after ingestion of the tested substance, second time in the control situation. Samples were then assessed for their attractiveness and intensity by group of women. Results showed that caffeine consumption may influence negatively attractiveness and intensity of human body odour. Guarana and beta-carotene did not show any significant results. These results partially confirmed that dietary factors influence the quality of the human body odour. This field should be further studied as a part of the environmental factors influencing human...
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Factors contributing to interindividual differences in olfactory abilities and odour awareness
Nováková, Lenka ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Lukavský, Jiří (referee) ; Vodička, Jan (referee)
The main body of the thesis deals with selected factors underlying the considerable variability in human olfactory abilities and some odour awareness-related measures, addressed in samples ranging in age from middle childhood to young adulthood. The thesis consists of two parts. The first part (Chapter 1), first presents the major advances and developments that brought about something of a renaissance of scientific interest in the human sense of smell, including the recent proliferation of psychophysical studies, both basic research and clinical. Next, an outline of olfactory psychophysical measures and related olfactory abilities that are of relevance to the studies presented in this thesis is provided. Subsequently, the selected factors contributing to interindividual differences in olfactory abilities, that have been addressed by this thesis, are reviewed, namely the effect of sex (or gender), which is approached from a developmental perspective, childhood gender nonconformity, and personality. Finally, intraindividual fluctuations in olfactory performance are also mentioned in brief. Next, the focus shifts to odour awareness by first introducing the various approaches that can be adopted to get closer to the real-life context as opposed to laboratory setting (where most olfactory studies continue to be...
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Regional NGOs' umbrella association as a role model of cooperation between civic sector and public administration
Havlíček, Jan ; Pauerová, Hana (advisor) ; Muhič Dizdarevič, Selma (referee)
The objective of this thesis is to discuss regional NGOs' umbrella associations and to explore their part as a role model of cooperation between civic sector and public administration while using qualitative research methods. Against the backdrop of a case study of specific NGO association, this paper examines to what extent may activities of such association contribute to a standardized cooperation with public administration. The theoretical basis of the research is defining the state and the civic sector as regulators of democratic societies. Its primary focus is on areas with significant influence on the subject, namely and in particular the topic of regional (self)government and NGOs' umbrella assocations in the Czech Republic.
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