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Paenibacillus larave destroying the honeybees (Apis mellifera) population
Haltufová, Kristýna ; Hubert, Jan (advisor) ; Kamler, Martin (referee)
Paenibacillus larvae is Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria. This pathogen threatens one of the most considerable worldwide pollinators - the honeybee (Apis mellifera). It is causative agent of bee disease called American foulbrood. Although it affects only bee larvae, preferably on the first day of its live, it is highly contagious and could quickly destroy whole bee colony. Adult bees are not susceptible to infection, however due to huge spores resilient of P. larvae, they perform the role of main disease vector. Also the careless beekeepers make it easier to spread. Bee diseases are enquired by state veterinary administration, because honeybee is classified as a livestock. If disease evolves to clinic phase, infected bees and hive with all tools must be burned. American foulbrood is one of the most deleterious bee diseases. This bachelor thesis discuss about problems of whole disease and it is focused on the interactions between bacteria Paenibacillus larvae, hymenoptera insect honeybee and human factor presented by beekeepers, state veterinary administration and corresponding laws. Key words: Paenibacillus larvae, American Foulbrood, entomopathogenic bacteria, Apis mellifera, honeybee
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Honey bee (Apis mellifera) workers as transmitters and reservoirs of American foulbrood (Paenibacillus larvae)
Haltufová, Kristýna ; Hubert, Jan (advisor) ; Kamler, Martin (referee)
Paenibacillus larvae is a gram-positive spore-forming bacterium that affects and kills the larvae of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) and causes the American foulbrood disease. Adults bees do not become infected, but they transmit tenacious spores within the hive and between hives and can infect larvae while caring for them. It is not allowed by law to treat bees in the Czech Republic, but the recommended preventive method for reducing the amount of spores in the hive is the shook swarm method (bees are moved to a new clean hive and the old hive is destroyed with all brood and supplies). The aim of this work was to detect and quantify P. larvae in bee workers using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In the first experiment, the two set of samples were taken - bees before and after the shook swarm method, but the expected decrease in spores in the samples taken after shook swarm was not confirmed, and conversely, non-specific products were amplified. In the second experiment, the presence of P. larvae spores in samples from heavily infected hives (with clinical symptoms of American foulbrood) and from hives with almost no findings of P. larvae spores, both originating from the same habitat, were compared. In this case, the differences were clearly visible. There were not...
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Paenibacillus larave destroying the honeybees (Apis mellifera) population
Haltufová, Kristýna ; Hubert, Jan (advisor) ; Kamler, Martin (referee)
Paenibacillus larvae is Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria. This pathogen threatens one of the most considerable worldwide pollinators - the honeybee (Apis mellifera). It is causative agent of bee disease called American foulbrood. Although it affects only bee larvae, preferably on the first day of its live, it is highly contagious and could quickly destroy whole bee colony. Adult bees are not susceptible to infection, however due to huge spores resilient of P. larvae, they perform the role of main disease vector. Also the careless beekeepers make it easier to spread. Bee diseases are enquired by state veterinary administration, because honeybee is classified as a livestock. If disease evolves to clinic phase, infected bees and hive with all tools must be burned. American foulbrood is one of the most deleterious bee diseases. This bachelor thesis discuss about problems of whole disease and it is focused on the interactions between bacteria Paenibacillus larvae, hymenoptera insect honeybee and human factor presented by beekeepers, state veterinary administration and corresponding laws. Key words: Paenibacillus larvae, American Foulbrood, entomopathogenic bacteria, Apis mellifera, honeybee
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