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Stability or change?
Hřebíčková, Martina
In this review study three different views concerning the development of personality across the life course are discussed. 1) Contextual approach leads to the conclusion that an analysis of behavior in context may be the best way to understand personality development. 2) Arguments that personality becomes stable in adulthood and that individual differences in personality traits are fixed by age 30 are presented. 3) As well arguments for change and continuity in personality development are mentioned. Personality traits do not become fixed at certain age in adulthood and retain the possibility of change even into old age.
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Judgment of Slovak national character by Czech university students
Hřebíčková, Martina
Five-factor model of personality is examined in relation to judgment of national character, in tis study. The Czech version of the National Character Survey corresponding to 30 facets of the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) was submited to 73 Czech university students. The students were to judge a typical Slovak and typical Czech using National Character Survey. The results showed significant differences between a typical Czech and typical Slovak in four personality characteristics. Czech university students judged Slovaks as more extravert, more open to new experiences, more agreeable, and less conscientious than Czechs.
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Cross-cultural comparsion of five personality dimensions
Hřebíčková, Martina
The five factor model of personality provides a new framework for studying personality and culture at three levels. Transcultural research focuses on identifying human universals, intracultural studies examine the unique expression of traits in specific cultures, and intercultural research characterizes cultures in terms of mean levels of personality traits and seeks associations between cultural variables and personality traits. The contribution contains data on mean levels of Revised Personality Inventory scales from college age and adult samples (N=23500) from 27 cultures including Czech Republic. Some considerations about Czech national character are discussed and basic psychometric properties of the Czech version of the NEO-PI-R are mentioned.
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Teacher personality structure: a comparsion with women from other occupations
Hřebíčková, Martina ; Řehulková, Oliva
Our purpose in the present study is to compare personality structure of women from four occupational groups (teachers, research workers, actresses and business women). Personality structure was measured using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory based on five-factor model of personality. Five-factor model illustrates that personality consists of five relatively independent dimensions (Neuroticism,Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness), which provide a meaningful taxonomy for studying individual differences. We supposed that personality structure of women from various occupational groups would differ. We found following statistically significant differences between women. Businesswomen scored significantly lower on Neuroticism and higher on Extraversion in comparsion with research workers, actresses, and teachers. Teachers scored significantly higher on Extraversion in comparsion with research workers. Teachers scored significantly lower on Openness to experience in comparsion with actreses and research workers. No significant differences on Agreeableness were found between groups of women. Businesswomen scored significantly higher on Conscientiousness in comparsion with teachers.
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From the five-factor model to the five-factor theory of personality
Hřebíčková, Martina
The contribution contains explication of the five-factor theory(FFT) of personality, which was evolved by McCrae and Costa (1996). FFT is a contemporary version of trait theory, based on the assumptions that people are knowable, rational, variable, and proactive. FFT explains personality functioning as the operation of universal personality system, with defined categories of variables and classes of dynamic processes that indicate the main causual pathways. The components of the personality system are designated as 1) biological bases (genes and brain structures), 2) basic tendencies (abstract psychological potentials), 3) characteristic adaptations (concrete manifestation of basic tendencies), 4) self-concept, 5) objective biography, 6) external influences. Dynamic processes secify 16 postuales to specify how the personality system operates. The most radical postulate concerns an origin of the traits, which declares that traits like a temperament are endogenous basic tendencies that are heritable but unafected by environmental influences.
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