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Critical thinking
Polách, Miroslav ; Jiřinová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Hána, Lukáš (referee)
This Diplomas thesis is focused on critical thinking. The main goal of this thesis is to define methods and tools leading to improvement of critical thinking in decision making and problem solving. The thesis is divided into five parts. First part is about characteristic of current world and importance of critical thinking in it. Second part defines fundamental errors in judgment and provides methods that could prevent these errors to occur. Third part is about fallacious arguments and philosophical concepts which define to which problems use of critical thinking is appropriate. These concepts could also help to simplify our decision making. Fourth part describes methods to enhance our cognitive abilities and rational thinking. Fifth part summarizes methods and tools leading to improvement of critical thinking.
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Exploitation of modern technologies of communication by militant Islamizes
Hána, Lukáš ; Peterková, Jana (advisor) ; Havlová, Radka (referee)
Thesis approaches terrorism as a form of communication. An attack or other terrorist activities are ways of message coding. Its purpose is generally to spread fear among target public. For effective spreading of fear terrorists use media both indirectly, if a message is publicized in the news, or directly via new media mostly internet and its features, that enable cheap fabrication of widely accessible content. There is a symbiosis between media and terrorism. Terrorists create engaging events that are taken over by media which make an attractive part of their news coverage. Because of specific elements of reporting a distorted perception of reality is introduced. News coverage can never create a precise image of reality. There are many social and psychological phenomenons connected to the process of communication. It is usually terrorists who benefit from them, but some are working against their purposes. Thesis introduces an analysis of communicational strategy of militant Islamizes and concentrates mostly on global terrorism and Al-Qaida and its branches.
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Mediation as a method of international dispute resolution
Hána, Lukáš ; Peterková, Jana (advisor) ; Havlová, Radka (referee)
Mediation is currently the most frequently used method for the resolution of armed conflicts in the international relations. Thanks to the participation of a neutral third party as a mediator it is possible to conduct peace negotiations even in the cases when participants are not willing to communicate directly with each other. The study summarizes the basic theoretical knowledge concerning the mediation, describes mediator's role, different forms and styles of mediation and other factors, that have influence on it. This knowledge is applied to the two case studies. Summits in Camp David in 1978 and 2000 are described in terms of initial conditions, course, participants and their styles of negotiation and last but not least their success. By comparing these two summits, the author formulates conclusions, which reflect the mediation efforts by the United States of America in their endeavor to settle the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and which highlight the greatest difficulties of the peace talks.
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