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Vision and Power. A comparison between the concepts of Guy Debord and Michael Foucault
Bučilová, Pavla ; Fišerová, Michaela (advisor) ; Fulka, Josef (referee)
This thesis aims to analyse the similarities and differences in Guy Debords' and Michel Foucaults' approaches to the relationship of vision and power. Its purpose is to show the power of visual discourse and define whether it is possible for society to resist or escape from this power. The thesis is methodologically based on the distincion of political and philosophical thoughts of both authors: according to Debord, society emerges from the power of the spectacle through the non-capitalist class order of society, alternatively, Foucault sees power relations as a set of practices that permeate the entire society and each one of us. These are practices which we are formed by and which we also form ouselves. Therefore, it is impossible for him to overcome or completely eliminate interconnection of power and vision from society. Based on this distinction, the thesis attempts to verify the assumption that Debord's inspiration by Marxism does not allow him to reflect the relationship of vision and power in its whole range in the context of non-capitalist order. Unlike Foucault's concept of surveillance, Debord's theory of spectacle is utopian.
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Epigenetic and structural characteristics of mammalian oocytes and embryos: extrapolation for human ART
Langerová, Alena ; Fulka, Josef (advisor) ; Pěknicová, Jana (referee) ; Chod, Jiří (referee)
It is now more than 35 years since the first world test-tube baby, Louise Brown, was born (1978) in England and it is estimated that since then more than 4 000 000 of children were produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF) worldwide. The initial success of IVF was less than 20% in best clinics, but now it reaches about 40%. This is a consequence of introduction of new methods, standardization and exploitation of new manipulation and culture media, as well as the incorporation of research results. Nevertheless, the most important still remains the skill and experience of IVF clinics and IVF laboratories staff, especially their ability to critically evaluate the quality of biological material and to decide which cure and treatment are the best one. At least, some biological material (immature and low quality oocytes) can be used for training and also for some experiments aiming to explain some questions, which are not yet fully understood (for example aneuploidies in human oocytes and embryos). In addition, this training can facilitate the introduction of new progressive approaches and may also improve indirectly the quality of infertility treatments. The first part of thesis is focused on the quality evaluation of oocytes collected by aspiration from follicles of stimulated patients. For labeling...
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Figural Thinking: Theory and Practice
Žilová, Jana ; Fulka, Josef (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee) ; Heczková, Libuše (referee)
! ! Dissertation Abstract ! ! This research presents examination of the figural theory as established by Jean-François Lyotard in his work Discourse, figure (1971). Figural theory groundwork proved to be underpinned within the psychoanalytical framework as in the classical dreamwork and concept of transitional space as elaborated by D. Winnicott. We argue that the specific figural intermediary space defines a type of space that allows the image and the viewer to explore the individuation processes, as established by G. Simondon (1992) and thus create potential new series of the image which instigate and challenge new perceptive patterns of the viewer. Figural backdrop has been detected within the work of Gilles Deleuze, precisely in Logic of Sensation (1981) where Deleuze examines the diagrammatic system. As a result of the in-depth exploration of Lyotardian poetic transgressions as we have applied on the film intertitles we have proved a presence of a specific mobile integral title. This type of inter title brings forth the coalescence of text-image that resurfaces the image's resources. The pictorial transgression was examined on the example of Nicolas Roeg's color- events in Don't Look Now 1973 and the cinematic transgression was explored on the example of William Kentridge' s video work Automatic...
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Freud's Legacy in the Thought of Ludwig Binswanger
Ishiwatari, Takafumi ; Dufourcq, Annabelle (advisor) ; Fulka, Josef (referee)
The present study aims to show the influence of Sigmund Freud that underlies an essential part of Ludwig Binswanger's philosophical reflections. In spite of his criticism of Freud's naturalistic view of the nature of human beings and his attempt to philosophically overcome psychoanalysis with his Daseinsanalyse or existential analysis, it is Freud's understanding of the finitude of human beings - that he expresses with the idea of drive - that motivates Binswanger's work. In order to retrieve this "legacy" of Freud in his thoughts, the study examines a number of his articles where he expresses his opinion on psychoanalysis as well as the one on the ontology of Martin Heidegger, on the basis of which he founded his Daseinsanalyse. The study then investigates Medard Boss's criticism of Binswanger, which throws light on the internal struggle of his thoughts. Finally, the study concludes with the question of psychotherapy where the influence of Freud becomes manifest in Binswanger's reflections on the concept of cure. Key words: Ludwig Binswanger, Sigmund Freud, Medard Boss, psychoanalysis, anthropology, Daseinsanalyse, psychotherapy
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Normal and pathological in Czech society in the second and third decade of the 20th century
Machálková, Aneta ; Fulka, Josef (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
The thesis examines connection between issues related to psychiatry and historical period of first half of 20th century, more precisely, the thesis focuses on issues of normality and pathology.... The concept of pathology is explored from psychiatric point of view, it regards everything which is understood as un-normal in terms of mental health. The main aim of the thesis is to find out how the society had delimited itself towards people with mental illnesses. Critical discourse analysis of chosen texts is used in order to explore these issues in more depth. A list of the most important psychiatrists is also included in the thesis in order to deepen knowledge of the historical period. Furthermore, the thesis deals with other relevant issues, such as concept of brain activity or Czechoslovak laws which were very important when defining mental health of the examined group of people. The thesis also explores relationships between society - and an individual or a pacient - and a doctor, which give better insight into the societal climate. The main inspiration was drawn from the work of Michel Foucault, who understood history from a similar point of view.
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Meaning and Understanding in the Context of Thought of Jacques Derrida and Hans-Georg Gadamer
Voborský, Lukáš ; Fulka, Josef (advisor) ; Novotný, Jaroslav (referee)
Meaning and Understanding in the Context of Thought of Jacques Derrida and Hans-Georg Gadamer The focus of the present study is mainly on the discussion of the process of understanding and emergence of meaning. Using the example of Gadamer's hermeneutics it becomes clear what are the limits of positive attempt to express conditions of understanding within the context of the philosophy of finitude. In spite of its undeniable benefits, hermeneutic understanding shows itself to be vulnerable towards ideology and it could be seen as suspected of hidden normativity thanks to its emphasis on agreement and coherency. Derrida's deconstruction on the other hand shows the dynamics of emergence of meaning in language, it emphasizes plurality and ambiguity in contrast towards totalizing unicity and agreement; however, due to this approach, it is unable to offer anything close to what we call the truth. In a parallel line of interpretation, philosophical- antropological approach of Ernst Cassirer standing in comparison with Heidegger's existential analytics of Dasein shows that already at the fundamental level in the process of establishment of terms and concepts and earlier our understanding is already determined to a certain extent. Discussion between Gadamer and Derrida shows a necessity of certain arbitrary...
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Phenomenon Almodóvar (The Interdigitation of "Small Worlds" in the Work of Pedro Almodóvar)
Turčan, Jakub ; Fulka, Josef (advisor) ; Češka, Jakub (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE FACULTY OF HUMANITIES Department of Electronic Culture and Semiotics Bc. Jakub Turčan Phenomenon Almodóvar (The Interdigitation of "Small Worlds" in the Work of Pedro Almodóvar) Thesis Supervisor: Mgr. Josef Fulka, Ph.D. Thesis Abstract Prague 2013 Abstract The paper focuses on the problem of authorship by means of an in-depth analysis of the film work of the Spanish director Pedro Almodóvar. The analysis is preceded by setting the author's work in the context of its origin, introduction of its so far existing content, as well as the concepts this work employs. Due to the hypertextual character of this postmodern oeuvre, the study is based on the concept of small worlds by Umberto Eco, hence the worlds of fiction with limited content in comparison to the actual world. The complete film work is perceived as a self- contained, yet within its character an ever open Text. The interdigitation of its small worlds is understood as a series of intratextual references, however the work also monitors its intertextual and, as a blend of these two, the transtextual content. Presenting the directors unique signature, combining several known approaches of the film creation with his own style- constituting elements, the analysis adduces the auteurist character - first described by the film...
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