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Interactions between gut microorganisms and brain
Fajstová, Alena ; Pácha, Jiří (advisor) ; Hock, Miroslav (referee)
Intestinal microbiota communicates with brain via various cooperating pathways including neuronal, endocrine and immune. Pathogenic and commensal bacteria produce great amounts of neurotransmitters and various other metabolites which can interact with brain. Presence of bacteria can also induce immune system response which can influence brain through cytokines and other mediators. Last but not least the communication can be mediated through nerves, especially the vagus nerve. The brain can influence the intestines through sympathic and parasympathic efferent nerves and through hormones. Gut colonization by nonpathogenic commensal bacteria is crucial for proper brain development. If this doesn't happen in certain period psychiatric disorders such as depression or autism can occur later in life. Various pathological conditions might be ameliorated or fully reversed by administration of probiotic bacteria. Aim of this thesis is to briefly review factors influencing gut microbiota, its influence on the brain development and the role of probiotics in the therapy of intestinal and psychiatric diseases. Keywords: gut microbiome, brain, neuroendocrine regulation, probiotic, neurotransmitter
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Effect of microbiota on the activity of HPA axis
Fajstová, Alena ; Pácha, Jiří (advisor) ; Telenský, Petr (referee)
Recent research shows, that gut microbiome can influence various functions of the organism and is able to communicate with the brain. The data also show that changes in the composition of gut microbiome can influence behavior and stress reactions and vice versa, psychological state of the organism can cause changes in gut microbiome. The aim of this master's thesis was to examine changes of HPA activation and local metabolism of glucocorticoids caused by stress in the presence or absence of gut microbiome. We therefore used germ-free mice and studied the effect of stress in pituitary, adrenal gland, colon and spleen. We found that, stress has different impact on gene expression in adrenal gland, colon and spleen in the presence or absence of gut microbiome. In contrast, there wasn't any significant effect of stress on pituitary in germ free mice and their conventionaly colonized counterparts.
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Interactions between gut microorganisms and brain
Fajstová, Alena ; Pácha, Jiří (advisor) ; Hock, Miroslav (referee)
Intestinal microbiota communicates with brain via various cooperating pathways including neuronal, endocrine and immune. Pathogenic and commensal bacteria produce great amounts of neurotransmitters and various other metabolites which can interact with brain. Presence of bacteria can also induce immune system response which can influence brain through cytokines and other mediators. Last but not least the communication can be mediated through nerves, especially the vagus nerve. The brain can influence the intestines through sympathic and parasympathic efferent nerves and through hormones. Gut colonization by nonpathogenic commensal bacteria is crucial for proper brain development. If this doesn't happen in certain period psychiatric disorders such as depression or autism can occur later in life. Various pathological conditions might be ameliorated or fully reversed by administration of probiotic bacteria. Aim of this thesis is to briefly review factors influencing gut microbiota, its influence on the brain development and the role of probiotics in the therapy of intestinal and psychiatric diseases. Keywords: gut microbiome, brain, neuroendocrine regulation, probiotic, neurotransmitter
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