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What accounts for successful aging? – A dialogical self view
Filip, Miroslav ; Poláčková Šolcová, Iva
From the psychological perspective, older adults who are unsuccessful in aging (experiencing, for instance, depression, low well-being, or low life satisfaction) have been often considered unable to accept their own past including life losses. However, such an explanation may be too trivial. For example, an inability to accept the past may be a natural component of depressive thinking and not a separate variable that accounts for depression. Unsuccessful aging can alternatively be explained by focusing on processes of meaning construction of various aspects of one’s own life. The theory of the dialogical self describes these processes in terms of the development of an internal dialogue. An aging-successful older adult should develop a lifereviewing internal dialogue with adaptive features, such as differentiation or integration of various and often contradictory „I-positions.” Methods: Narrative analyses based on the theory of the dialogical self were applied to Life Story Interviews with 32 older adults (aged from 70 to 93 years). According to the presence of the adaptive features in narratives, various types of life-reviewing internal dialogues were identi-fied. The validity of these types was examined by their scores on the Reminiscence Function Scale (RFS). Respondents who used the respective types were compared in terms of well-being (Mood Adjective Checklist - MAC) and meaningfulness of life (Meaning in Life Questionnaire - MLQ). Results/Discussion: The narrative analysis yielded three types of life-reviewing dialogues according to how they are elaborated and adaptive: differentiated dialogue (low adaptive), progressive dialogue, and integrated dialogue (highly adaptive). The validity of these types was sup-\nported by differences on the RFS: participants with the progressive dialogue reported more frequent reminiscence activities to resolve past conflicts and to reconstruct their identity. As hy-\npothesized, scores indicating successful aging on the scales MAC and MLQ were higher in respondents with the integrated life-reviewing dialogue.
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Projection of land consolidation for selected locality
FILIP, Miroslav
This thesis deals with complex land consolidation, describing different stages of this process. We also designed a project of complex land consolidation in cadastre unit of Chmelná village. First step was to make a research and describe the territory. We took environment protection into consideration as well, and create a plan for common facilities; including arrangements to make lands accessible, arrangements to protect agricultural land, arrangements to environment protection and environment engineering and water management. The thesis deals with the possession of specified owners, for whom we created deed of ownership and rearrangements to their lands.
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Land consolidation development in the world
FILIP, Miroslav
The theme of the thesis is focused on the elaboration of literature review, what describes the development of land consolidation. Firstly, the thesis begins with brief history of land consolidation within The Czech Republic. It presents different forms and processes of land consolidation in a periodic sequence from the early beginning until the 20th century. The second part of this thesis deals with the development of land consolidation from the perspective of global scale. Of the continents, such as Europe, Asia, Africa and America were selected the certain countries that were described in detail from the perspective of land consolidation.
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Modeling preverbal reprezentations based on the personal construct theory
Filip, Miroslav
The paper arguments for relational or holistic approach to typical psychological issues - mental reprezentations, concepts, experience or categorization, and confronts it with an atomistic approach. Furthemore it tries to support a hypothesis that not all parts of our experience are verbally structured. A formal argument and examples show that we need two complementary principles for psychological realization of any notion of the world which are known from structural semantics: principle of similarity and differences.
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Modelling the pre-verbal representations based on personal construct theory
Filip, Miroslav
The paper discusses some arguments typical for the post-analytic philosophy and social constructionism considering issues of meaning and private experience. It presents a view of G. A. Kelly’s Personal Construct Psychology that presupposes existence of pre-verbal levels of experience which can be highly individual. It provides not only the theoretical discussions, but also an empirical study with the Semantic Selection Test which consists of non-verbal attributes. It explains non-random structures in data via a hypothesis of individual preverbal representations with a dichotomous nature (personal constructs).
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