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The History of Yersinia Pestis in Europe from the Perspective of Ancient DNA
Nováková, Veronika ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Vojíř, Karel (referee)
je gramnegativní bakterie, která byla na konci devatenáctého století odhalena jako původce moru. je blízce příbuzná , od níž se liší přítomností určitých virulentních faktorů. Právě virulentní faktory umožňují efektivní přežití hmyzích vektoru, kterým je blecha. Blecha poté zajišťuje úspěšný přenos bakterie na obratlovce, což je nejčastěji hlodavec, případně člověk. Bakterie je geneticky vybavena tak, aby unikla imunitnímu systému. Během lidské historie proběhly tři morové pandemie, Justiniánský mor, Černá smrt a moderní pandemie, u všech z nich byla pomocí aDNA z kosterních pozůstatků potvrzena přítomnost . Mor způ době bronzové. Sekvenace aDNA a zdokonalování molekulárních metod při studiu historických pandemií se jeví jako vhodná strategie pro pochopení možných budoucích pandemií. Pomocí aDNA lze zjistit nejen fylogenezi patogenů, ale je možné i sledovat změny genofondu populace napříč historií a jak v migracemi, tak i možnými změnami způsobenými samotným KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA mor, bakterie, migrace, populace, mikrobiologie, starodávná DNA
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Influence of Health Regimen on Immune System
Kotrč, Jan ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Janoušková, Svatava (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the influence of lifestyle on the immune system and project-based teaching of the immune system in elementary school biology. The theoretical part is devoted to embedding elementary school biology and topics covering the curriculum of the immune system in curricular documents and literary research of the immune system and related topics with regard to life management and the definition of project teaching. The aim of the practical part was to design, implement and evaluate the project teaching of the immune system, intended for the 8th year of primary school. The teaching evaluation was carried out in two parallel classes of the 8th grade at a selected primary school with a sample of 41 pupils. The goal of the evaluation was to verify the knowledge about the immune system and to find out the subjective evaluation of the implemented teaching for pupils of two eighth grades at a selected elementary school with an interval of two weeks. The data was collected using a pretest and posttest and a questionnaire to determine the subjective evaluation of the project day by the pupils. The goal of the implemented project was to acquire knowledge of the immune system and connect it with the already acquired knowledge of practical principles of life management and the development...
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Teaching Genetics with a Focus on Human Phenotypic Traits
Heidelberg, Jiří ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Vančata, Václav (referee)
This thesis focuses on the inheritance of human phenotypic traits within the framework of genetics teaching at Czech grammar schools. Outlines information important to understanding the inheritance of human phenotypic traits. All fundamentals of genetics will be covered, including examples from human genetics and examples from nature. At the same time, he is engaged in a research investigation at selected Czech grammar schools, where we will try to find out the degree of knowledge of genetics that the pupils have. Attention is also paid to the influence of the classroom climate on pupils' knowledge, which is an important aspect in acquiring knowledge. The influence of the teacher's personality on the climate in the classroom is related to this. the results of the research survey from the data collected using the online questionnaire show the level of knowledge of the respondents and any gaps that need to be worked on. KEYWORDS Inheritace, phenotype, human genetics, education, pedagogy
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Selected Types of Alternative Diets
Bittnerová, Lenka ; Pavlasová, Lenka (advisor) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
This thesis deals with unconventional ways of alimentation. The primary aim of the thesis is to define the individual unconventional directions of alimentation and to collect and organize available information. The origin and principles of the macrobiotic, raw food, vegetarian and organic diet is described. It deals with the philosophy, goals, motivations and composition of the diet. It maps the pluses and minuses of the alternative ways of diet including the most common reasons leading to such dietary decisions. The risks and advantages of individual types of diet are given with respect to its influence on the human health. Keywords alternative diet, macrobiotic diet, raw food diet, vegetarianism, organic food diet
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Evaluation of Reinnervation Changes After Reconstructive Procedures on Peripheral Nerves.Nerve Transfers in Patients with Brachial Plexus Lesions: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Outcomes.
Brušáková, Štěpánka ; Holečková, Irena (advisor) ; Vaverka, Miroslav (referee) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the results of brachial plexus reconstructive surgery. The work focused on the analysis of the brachial plexus repair at Masaryk Hospital in Ústí nad Labem between 2012 and 2023. The aim of the study was to focus on a set of patients operated using the technique of nerve transfers. In addition to the clinical results, the presence of neuroplasticity was investigated by monitoring postoperative synkinesis and evaluating factors on which the presence of neuroplasticity depends. Methods: A total of 34 proximal nerve transfers were performed in 21 patients for restoration of shoulder abduction, external rotation and elbow flexion. The evaluation of the results was carried out at least 3 years after surgery. The resulting muscle strength, range of motion, Mallet scale, pain quantification, electrophysiological testing and the presence or absence of synkinesis between donor and recipient were assessed. An evaluation of subjective assessment of the effect of decreased function on normal activities of daily living including work capacity (DASH) was recorded. The results were statistically processed. Results: Of the 34 neurotransfers, 20 achieved M3 or greater strength (58.8 %), and 5 transfers achieved M4 or greater strength. The disappearance of synkinesis...
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Immune System: Project Based Learning at the 2nd Level of Elementary School
Kotrč, Jan ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Pavlasová, Lenka (referee)
This thesis is focused on lifestyle and the relationship between lifestyle and the human immune system. The theoretical part is dedicated to the literary research of the immune system, its definition, physiology and anatomy and lifestyle factors, such as nutrition, physical activity, stress and hardening, as well as the definition of the concept of project teaching. Of all the connections between lifestyle and the immune system, this work devotes the most space to nutrition. The practical part of the work includes the design, implementation and evaluation of project teaching in the scope of four lessons at the 2nd grade of the elementary school in Radonice. I designed the project called "How to support immunity" as a project intended to be implemented within the subjects of the Human and health education area and is included in the 6th grade. It is a year-long project that requires the creation of several working groups. The duration of the project is one teaching day (four teaching hours). The goal of the project is to connect knowledge of practical principles of life management to support the optimal function of the immune system in everyday life, as well as the development of competencies such as the ability to search, sort and present information and collaborate on a common task. The final...
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Opinion and Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Acne Vulgaris among Pupils of Secondary School
Třísková, Veronika ; Hlaváčová, Lucie (advisor) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
The diploma thesis is split into a theoretical and a practical part. In the theoretical part, the thesis focuses on basic information about the skin disaese acne. This part includes general knowledge about the skin and skin care, information specifically about acne vulgaris, factors of acne, acne treatment, natural cosmetics and also includes a chapter on the perception of acne in girls and boys in secondary schools. The theoretical section also provides advice on the prevention of the subsequent treatment of acne skin disease. One of the purposes of this thesis is to highlight the issue of acne in adolescents in secondary schools, to familiarize the reader with this common disease, and to provide treatment alternatives as well as prevention. The main objective of the research part is to analyze the awareness of acne among high school students. The practical part of the thesis examines the current information that high school students have about acne, further examines the psychological impact of the disease, and finds out if specifically high school students in the city of Pilsen would be interested in learning about the skin disease acne in schools. This part was prepared by means of a questionnaire survey, which, after its evaluation, shows that out of 84 secondary school respondents, acne has a...
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Activating Methods in Teaching Human Biology in Lower Secondary Education (ISCED 2) as a Mean of Interdisciplinary Relations of Biology and Physical Education
Burian, Oskar ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Vančata, Václav (referee)
Objectives: To find basic information and the concept of interdisciplinary teaching and its possible inclusion in lessons. Describe selected activation methods in teaching in general and in teaching human biology. To analyze selected frequently used textbooks for pupils of the 2nd grade of elementary school, containing the topic of the muscular system as a suitable topic for the interdisciplinary connection of biology and physical education in the context of the frequency of impulses for the implementation of physical activities and containing the interdisciplinary connection of the above mentioned subjects. Design and implement the teaching of the muscular system with activation methods and cross-curricular elements and find out what the students' attitude towards it is. Using a knowledge test, compare pupils who have completed activation and interdisciplinary teaching with pupils who have undergone frontal theoretical teaching of the same topic. Methods: Two methods were used for the research investigation. An online questionnaire regarding the attitude of students, created in Google forms, allowing students to comment on the lessons with closed and open questions, with a guarantee of anonymity. The second method of research is a knowledge test, created for the purpose of the thesis, which was...
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Development of Psycho-motor Skills in Juveniles and School Maturity
Křížová, Věra ; Vančata, Václav (advisor) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the topic of psychomotor development in middle and late childhood, school maturity, its aspects and methods of testing. A total of five aims are set and six hypotheses are assigned to them. Two aims determine how much experience, training and home preparation influence the results of school maturity tests, which are based on the evaluation of individual aspects of psychomotor development. Furthermore, the aim is to find out whether psychomotor development occurs uniformly in all its areas and whether the factor of body height is related to the level of development. The last two goals are tied directly to the tested group, which consists of children aged 6-8 years living in the district of Rychnov nad Kněžnou. It is determined whether these children are mature enough to enter the 1st grades of primary school and whether there is any connection between the parents' decision to postpone their children's entry into primary school and their results in school maturity tests. To meet these goals, a cross-sectional study is used, which consists of two components. Face-to-face testing of children aged 6-8 years in the facilities of a kindergarten in the period April and May 2023, when these children participate in three school maturity tests (each based on monitoring a...
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