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Essays on labour force and its productivity
Štěpánek, Martin ; Baxa, Jaromír (advisor) ; Schneider, Ondřej (referee) ; Dybczak, Kamil (referee) ; Yerushalmi, Erez (referee)
This doctoral thesis presents four articles analysing labour force and its productivity. It utilises simulation modelling to assess the impacts of demographic changes, migration or shifts in productivity determinants on public finances and the economies in the Czech Republic and the USA, as well as statistical modelling to evaluate determinants behind workplace productivity. The first three studies assess the topic from a high-level perspective, providing economy-wide projections for the future decades. They also utilise the same core simulation model, an overlapping generations (OLG) framework coded in MATLAB, which is further developed for the particular use in each study. The fourth study, on the other hand, approaches the topic from the opposite direction, analysing the individual-level factors affecting productivity. Specifically, the first article deals with demographic changes -- population ageing and shrinking -- in the context of the Czech pension system. The findings show that the existing system can provide pensions increasing at the rate of change in nominal wages, be financially sustainable in the long term, or increase the default retirement age by only two years in the next decades -- but only two of these three objectives can be achieved at the same time. On the contrary, a structural change...
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Three Essays on Labor Market Institutional Environment
Fialová, Kamila ; Schneider, Ondřej (advisor) ; Münich, Daniel (referee) ; Brada, Josef (referee) ; Dybczak, Kamil (referee) ; Janáček, Kamil (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Social Sciences Institute of Economic Studies Three Essays on Labor Market Institutional Environment Dissertation Thesis Kamila Fialová Prague 2012 Abstract This thesis consists of three papers about labor market institutional environment. The first paper "Labor Market Institutions and Their Effect on Labor Market Performance in the New EU Member Countries" estimates the effects of labor market institutions on various performance indicators (unemployment, long-term unemployment, employment, activity rate) in European countries. The results confirm that high taxes increase unemployment, whereas active labor market policies tend to reduce it. The paper also shows that stricter employment protection, higher taxes, and a larger economic burden represented by the minimum wage decrease employment and activity rates. The second paper "Labor Market Institutions and Their Impact on Shadow Economies in Europe" analyzes the role of labor market institutions in explaining developments of shadow economies in European countries using several alternative measures of the shadow sector. The results indicate that the one institution that unambiguously increases shadow production and employment is strict employment protection legislation. Other labor market institutions have less...
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Changes in the Czech wage structure: Does immigration matter?
Dybczak, Kamil ; Galuščák, Kamil
Using the Albrecht et al. (2003) version of the Machado and Mata (2005) decomposition technique along the wage distribution, writers find that immigrant workers do not affect changes in the Czech wage structure between 2002 and 2006 despite their substantial inflows. Instead, changes in the wage structure are explained solely by increasing returns of native workers, while changes in the observed characteristics of native workers, particularly a rising level of education, are responsible for increasing wage dispersion.
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Survey on wage and price formation of Czech firms
Babecký, Jan ; Dybczak, Kamil ; Galuščák, Kamil
Using an ad-hoc survey at the firm level, writers investigate the determinants of wage and price-setting practices in Czech firms, the presence and sources of wage rigidity, and reactions of firms to hypothetical shocks. Although the evidence of downward wage rigidity is not widespread, they find particular relevance of efficiency wage models for wage rigidity, while implicit contract theory is relevant in firms employing mainly highskilled labour.
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Supply-side performance and structure in the Czech republic (1995-2005)
Dybczak, Kamil ; Flek, Vladislav ; Hájková, Dana ; Hurník, Jaromír
In this paper, writers apply the aggregate production function to approximate the path of potential output. Writers use a time-varying NAIRU to derive the amount of potential labour and a newly developed measure of capital services to account for the productive impact of capital. In addition, trend total factor productivity is estimated. Production functions for the key sectors (Agriculture, Industry, etc.) are also calculated, exploring the growth accounting approach and decomposition of total factor productivity growth.
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Generational accounts in the Czech republic
Dybczak, Kamil
To assess the sustainability of public budgets writer of this study constructed the first set of generational accounts for the Czech Republic. We found that a representative living agent obtains more benefits than he/she pays in taxes in 2004, i.e. the generational account of this representative agent is negative. In addition, the total amount of the government liabilities resulting from the current fiscal policy pursued to 2150 reaches about 300% of GDP in 2004.
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Czech Fiscal Policy: Introductory analysis
Bezděk, Vladimír ; Dybczak, Kamil ; Krejdl, Aleš
The subject of this work are the following questions: What is the size of quasi-fiscal operations and their impact on the overall fiscal balance and public debt in the Czech Republic? Is the recent increase in Czech fiscal deficits fully attributable to the business cycle, or are there non-cyclical factors in place? And last but not least, what are the long-term perspectives of the fiscal system given the size and speed of the expected population ageing process?
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