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Aesthetic of astrophotography
Karčáková, Ineza ; DVOŘÁK, Tomáš (advisor) ; LEDVINA, Josef (referee)
The diploma thesis is primarily devoted to the study of contemporary aesthetics of astronomical photography. The term astronomical photography means two different, but at the same time dependent facts. The term is covering a field of scientific images of astronomical research, which is primarily intended for a narrower group of professionally trained observers, but on the other hand, we also look at the images of planets, stars and nebulae commonly encountered by the broad lay public in the media. These images act as trusted photographs, but in fact, the initial quantitative data is practically transferred to visual scenes in accordance with the conventions of photographic aesthetics. Image aesthetization was taking place at a time when astrophotography worked primarily with photo plates. New ways of detecting and visualizing, relying on digital data processing and digital image processing, transform these traditional techniques and techniques, but at the same time they continue to do so: they continue building the specific aesthetics of astronomical photography.
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Shares with and without par value in the companies limited by shares
Komárková, Dita ; Štenglová, Ivanka (advisor) ; Patěk, Daniel (referee) ; Dvořák, Tomáš (referee)
Shares with and without par value in the companies limited by shares Dividing share capital into shares with par value is a traditional approach which has been applied in company law in the Anglo-Saxon and the Continental legal systems. This rule is regarded as a part of the capital formation and maintenance rules which gradually developed mainly in the 19th century in connection with the aim to ensure the protection of creditors and shareholders. Par value originally served as an indicator of the amount which a shareholder was liable to contribute to the company as consideration in exchange for its share. At the same time it served as an indicator of the shareholder's liability. At the end of the 19th century in the United States, there was growing criticism against par value ascribed to shares, which eventually led to the establishment of the concept of no-par value. The removal of the traditional approach and the establishment of the concept of no-par value has become a certain trend or phenomenon, spreading into other jurisdictions in the 20th century, e.g. Australia, Singapore, New Zealand, Hong Kong. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the future of the rule according to which share capital is divided into shares with a fixed nominal value, or more precisely, to evaluate the sustainability...
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Phylogeography and population structure of two loach species (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) in Southeast Asia
Dvořák, Tomáš ; Bohlen, Jörg (advisor) ; Říčan, Oldřich (referee)
The freshwater fish species Schistura robertsi and Paracanthocobitis zonalternans belong to the family Nemacheilidae, which is distributed across whole Eurasia and with one species in northeast Africa. P. zonalternans occurs in lowland habitats through western Southeast Asia from Central Myanmar until northern Malaysia. The distribution area is of biogeographic interest, because it crosses several known biogeographic barriers, namely the border between Indian and Indochinese freshwater fauna along the Salween River, the Isthmus of Kra, the Krabi - Surat Thani line and the Kangar - Pattani line. In the present study, around 250 specimens of P. zonalternans from 62 localities across the whole distribution area were investigated using genetic (nuclear and mitochondrial sequences), morphologic and geologic data. The genetic data reveal the existence of seven major clades within the analysed material, each of them with a distinct geographic distribution area and only few cases of overlap, but with occurrence of some cases of secondary contact. Divergence time estimations suggested that P. zonalternans is about 18 my old, and a biogeographic analysis located the region of origin in the Tenasserim region (nowadays southern Myanmar). The global sea level fluctuations seem to have had a strong impact on the...
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Cameraless photography of Běla Kolářová
Tomková, Zuzana ; LEDVINA, Josef (advisor) ; DVOŘÁK, Tomáš (referee)
The first part presents a brief summary of the historical genesis of cameraless photography in the context of the general history of photography. In line with G. Batchen's concept, the work emphasizes the autonomy of this technological and expressive process and qualitative comparability with the procedures and manifestations of classic camera photography. This "photographic history" culminates in the development of avant-garde photographic experiments, especially in the systematic development of Man Ray's "rayograms." Against the avant-garde concept (dadaism, Bauhaus, elements of graphic constructivism) is defined the concept of Běla Kolářová from the beginning of the sixties of the 20th century, which forms the very theme of the work. Specific procedures and concrete results of Běla Kolářová´s work ("artificial negatives", "X-rays of the circle", "light drawings") are observed in the context of the creative experiments of the Czech art scene of the time: visual poetry, J. Kolář's collages, Czech informel, neoconstructivism and geometric abstraction, „Confrontation“ and „Crossroad“ groups, etc. The originality of Kolářová's contribution is reflected through the analysis of the interpretation works of the Czech kunsthistory (J. Hlaváček, J. Valoch, K. Císař, J. Padrta and others). It is emphasized in what Kolářová's creation of photograms exceeds conventional classifications, and what specifically refers to non-derived creative resources and conceptualizations (M. Duchamp, R. Caillois, surrealism, W. Benjamin). From these comparative aspects, the conclusions are generalizing the contribution and importance of the cameraless photography of Běla Kolářová as a legitimate part of the history of Czech visual art of the second half of the 20th century.
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Figures and Traces of Memory. Changes in Dynamics of Cultural Memory in Relation to Visual Culture
Průchová, Andrea ; Dvořák, Tomáš (advisor) ; Činátl, Kamil (referee) ; Reifová, Irena (referee)
Thesis Abstract The thesis deals with the visual content of the media of official memory, in particular the visual material of history textbooks and the exhibition of the National Museum. It examines the formal and content features of the representation of four key events of modern Czechoslovak and Czech history which entered the awareness of the general public as "eight" events: the founding of Czechoslovakia (1918), the signing of the Munich Agreement (1938), the communist coup (1948) and the invasion of the Warsaw Pact armies (1968). Moreover, it relates the modes of representation of these events to the issue of the political transition of 1989. By means of mixed methods research, it examines a sample of textbooks published during the communist era (1967, 1973, 1982, 1983, 1983), the post-communist era (1995, 1996, 1999, 1999, 2000, 2009, 2011) and the exhibits from the permanent exhibition Crossroads of Czech and Czechoslovak Statehood (opened in 2009). In its findings, the thesis presents 34 visual memory figures related to the representation of the selected historical events. It points out the circulation of these images between the medium of the textbook and the historical exposition, thus following the dynamic concept of memory discussed in the theoretical part of the thesis. It finds both...
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Analysis of the functional model of the Open Archival Information System (OAIS)
Lambertová, Jana ; Dvořák, Tomáš (advisor) ; Pokorný, Radek (referee)
The aim of this work is description Open Archival Information Systém, digital preservation, development, goals and basic concepts of digital preservation such as metadata, migration. The main goal is detailed analysis of the funkcional model OAIS in connection with usability in an archive and digital archiving. The bachelor thesis describe the main parts of the model, OAIS environment, information model and archival information package. The first tasks is analyze individual parts of the model, find out how they works and what is need to work in an archive. The goel is verify the scope of OAIS, its use in an archive and what the implementation demands are. .
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The marks of real
Pustina, Petr ; ŠERÝ, Ladislav (advisor) ; DVOŘÁK, Tomáš (referee)
Bachelor Thesis The Marks of Real - Tautological Hallucination and Technical Images deals with the relation of the technical image and reality. Photography is usually seen as a faithful representation of the world in front of the lens. This work, based on the theories of Jean Baudrillard and Vilém Flusser, points out that photography is not an im- print of the world but instead is a signage system that does not refer to the world around us, but to other representational models that preceded it.
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Google street view in comtemporary photography
Levitner, Šimon ; DVOŘÁK, Tomáš (advisor) ; JANOŠČÍK, Václav (referee)
Analysis of Google street view as a tool to view a world throught quite persuasive virtual reality which builds its belivevability on an impresion of extension of most used map. I examine possibilities of its use in artist practice on the example of three artists - Jon Rafman, Mishka Henner and Michael Wolf. I see as the objective of this thesis the comparasion of the approaches of indivual artists which would serve as a tool to better understanding how can we percieve GSV or where can we place it in the context of photography.
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Diversity of cockroach mating behaviour (Blattodea: Blaberidae)
Dvořák, Tomáš ; Kotyková Varadínová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Nedvěd, Oldřich (referee)
Mating behaviour of cockroaches is spectacular phenomenon with three different mating patterns traditionally distinguished. The most common and probably ancestral is type A - female climbing. Then it is type B - male climbing and type C - no climbing. Mating type was described in around 30 Blaberidae species. As it is the only cockroach family where all three types are present, it is an interesting model group for studying evolutionary questions. The main goal of the thesis was detail exploration and description of mating sequences in 21 Blaberidae species, 17 of which haven't been examined in this aspect before. An intrageneric diversity in mating patterns (genus Pycnoscelus) was described for the first time. Moreover, in case of P. tenebrigera, it was not possible to assign its mating pattern to any of the three traditional types. Multidimensional statistical analysis and biological interpretation of qualitative behavioural elements revealed two well separated clusters of mating sequensces. Consequently, we propose to distinguish only two types of mating pattern - ancestral type (identical with type A) and derived type. We also discussed the relationship between wing reduction and occurence of derived mating types. Evaluation of quantitative behavioural elements revealed positive correlation between...
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