|
|
The Persistence of Human Polyomaviruses
Blažková, Kristýna ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Kuthan, Martin (referee)
Despite years of research, even the most scrutinized Polyomaviruses - BK and JC - have not yet been thoroughly understood. With a number of new Polyomaviruses - KIV, WUV, MCV, HPyV6, HPyV7, TSV and HPyV9 described in the past few years, the need to understand how Polyomaviruses operate in their hosts has become even more urgent. The probable route of transmission appears to be either respiratory or faecal-oral. The initial infection occurs most likely in the early childhood or early-adolescence and is followed by a life-long persistence. The seroprevalence of Human Polyomaviruses among healthy adult population is high: BKV (81-97 %), JCV (35-69 %), KIV (55 %), WUV (69 %), MCV (25-46 %) and TSV (70-80 %). Human Polyomaviruses can cause fatal diseases in immunocompromised patients. The site of persistence in humans probably varies depending on the specific Polyomavirus. BK and JC are known to persist in kidneys and the urinary tract. Human Polyomaviruses have been detected in the lymphatic tissues, blood, respiratory, urinary, and gastrointestinal systems. It is not clear, however, if they persist in all of these sites. Mechanisms which Polyomaviruses use to establish and maintain persistent infection could include the viral miRNA and viral agnoprotein, which would result in a modulation of viral...
|
|
|
Antiviral vaccination - tick borne encephalitis virus
Solarová, Pavlína ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Janštová, Vanda (referee)
Tick borne encephalitis is by one of the most severe disease of central nervous system. Agent of this disease is tick-borne encephalitis virus, which is transmitted mainly by tick. Clinical picture of TBE is considerably different and varied in individuals - from quite infection without symptoms up to severe cerebro-spinal meningitis, in such cases attacked persons by this virus leave hospital with whole-life handicap. We can prevent this disease by inoculation. We can see it in the neighboring Austria, where TBE almost became extinct because 90% of population is vaccinated. Vaccines are commercially available from 1979. Nevertheless only 17% population is vaccinated against TBEV. The reason for it could be fact that insurance companies do not provide the vaccines as well as not very effective health education. One of possibilities how we can this tendency reverse would be higher awareness of pupils at schools. In school educational programs there is contained prevention of viral disease, especially in general biology, biology of viruses and education to health.
|
|
| |
|
|
New prevention strategies in HIV infection
Buriánková, Lucie ; Španielová, Hana (advisor) ; Drda Morávková, Alena (referee)
This bachelor theses deals with the new preventive methods in the fight against HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). Chapter 1 is aimed at the HIV characterization. The next chapters dwell on the preventive methods, whether these are ABC methods (abstinence from sex, being faithful, use of condoms), which belonging to the old preventive strategy in HIV struggle or innovation methods like male circumcision, vaginal diaphragm, microbicides and HIV vaccines. The final chapter deals with the situation in Czech Republic and various ways of educational training at czech schools.
|
|
| |
|
|
Inovation in influenza vaccines
Satoriová, Martina ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Motlová, Lucia (referee)
Influenza viruses annually infect 3 to 5 millions of people worldwide, cause annually many hospitalizations, 250 000-500 000 deaths and significant economical losses. The vaccines still remain the most efficient way of prevention of this infectious disease. Conventional egg- based vaccines are used for more than 60 years. Although they are safe, they have many disadvantages. Their main disadvantage is the relatively low effectiveness and time-limited induced immunity. The need for annually updates of their composition due to an antigenic variability of viral surface proteins can be considered a disadvantage as well. What is more, the dependence on an egg suply and a way too long time of preparation might be limiting in the case of pandemic. The development of an universal vaccine that would induce a broad imunne response against different strains of Influenza and longlasting protection is a worldwide priority.
|
|
|
Use of model ecosystems near Chomutov in basic education
Řeháková, Tereza ; Havlová, Michaela (advisor) ; Drda Morávková, Alena (referee)
This paper focuses on the teaching of eco-tour by cyclo around Chomutov in basic education. The main objective of my DP is a cycling tour with a focus on the comparison of selected characteristics of ecosystems occurring in the area. As I chose the selected ecosystems - meadows and pastures, forests and water bodies. Selected location near Chomutov offers direct observation of these ecosystems provide a number of paths for nontraditional ways of teaching, using bicycle wheels. Developed materials include design incentive hours for after-school teaching materials in the field and the draft final hours. For after-school education in the field are handled by individual worksheets ecosystems - meadows and pastures, forests and water bodies. Besides these main worksheets, I created a set of other activities in the outdoors. They are practicing first aid package of games and competitions designed for environments and other attractions that can fill the time spent in nature. Next, I created a complete methodological guide for teachers, which are summarized in detail all the information for planning, progress and completion of the excursion. Excursions and its content complies with the current general education program for primary education in the country. Keywords: tour, cycling tours, ecosystems, Chomutov
|
|
|
Non-coding RNA in hepresvirus infection
Pelák, Ondřej ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Holá, Dana (referee)
MiRNAs are endogenous short RNAs that are well conserved in eukaryotic organisms and are thought to be a vital and evolutionarily ancient component of genetic regulation. Their key role is in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Some viruses were able to utilize the capabilities of these tiny RNAs to regulate their own gen expression or to regulate host gene expression in use of avoidance from immunity answers to their presence. Among these viruses belongs also the Herpesviridae family. Members of this family are using miRNA in various ways, from regulation of their own gene expression to targeting host mRNA, which prevents translation of factors related to immune answers. This work is intent on biogenesis of miRNA, its mechanism, function and manner in which it is used by representatives from Herpesviridae family.
|
|
|
Description of Xenopus tropicalis pre-Sertoli cells in tissue culture
Ševčíková Jonáková, Jana ; Tlapáková, Tereza (advisor) ; Drda Morávková, Alena (referee)
5 Abstract Xenopus tropicalis is an important model organism used in developmental and cell biology. Long term primary mixed cell culture, derived from juvenile testis of Xenopus tropicalis, is the first tissue culture of this specie. Characterization of this tissue culture is important for its further handling and subsequent experiments. The culture is composed of Sertoli cell precursors. Feeder layer of this cells enables long term germinal stem cell cultivation. Influence of condicioned medium plays important role during the cell culture cultivation. Result of this task approved effect of condicioned medium for cell culture growth. Cell culture and testis gene expression analyse revealed, that in process of Sertoli cell differentiation many growth and differentiation factors are involved. Presence of marker genes has been approved by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. This in vitro system can contribute to clarification of different roles of pre-Sertoli and Sertoli cells in testis differentiation, and therefore it establishes a new spermatogenesis model offering the possibility to distinguish parts of the pre-Sertoli and Sertoli cells differentiation, which is difficult in mammal models. Keywords: Xenopus tropicalis, tissue culture, pre-Sertoli cells, Sertoli cells, testicular differentiation, gene expression
|
|
|
GM crops for new food, pharmacological and technical use: inovation of secondary school study
Koblihová, Kateřina ; Opatrný, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Drda Morávková, Alena (referee)
The demand for plant and other production is increasing with the growth of human population when the territory where plants can be grown is continually decreasing. The present agricultural production of food, industrial materials and drugs of plant origin is not enough for people, as for the effort to achieve higher environmental comfort, especially in developed countries. We are trying to find a simpler, cleaner and cheaper ways of crop production. The genetic modification is one of the modern ways how to achieve this goal. Students get a lot of information about this topic from various sources, but mainly just from the internet and television. It is recommended that students should be able to compare information received from the media with school knowledge as for avoiding opinion pressure and manipulations.
|
guest ::
