National Repository of Grey Literature 4 records found  Search took 0.00 seconds. 
Aktivita raka signálního v podmínkách malého toku
DAVID, Jaroslav
The signal crayfish is one of the oldest invasive crayfish species in Europe, causing ecological and often economic damage in newly invaded locations. The invasion and associated problems can be monitored in real-time on the Křesanovský brook, where regular eradication measures have been carried out for six years. However, the detailed and comprehensive impact of these activities on the crayfish population as a whole and any changes in individual behaviour have not yet been studied in detail. To obtain relevant data for this purpose, this thesis video-recorded the situation in the stream in monthly cycles from May to September 2021, with recordings taken the night before and the night after thorough manual crayfish catching in the brook, evaluating the number and activity of observed crayfish. The results did not show that the trapping had changed the overall crayfish activity. Even with a high number of captured crayfish, the weakened crayfish population after trapping showed the same overall activity as the complete population before trapping (presumably due to an increase in individual activity in response to catching and accompanied habitat disturbance). Furthermore, the results underline the previously assumed low success rate of eradication efforts at the site and confirm that barriers in the stream are not sufficient to stop the signal crayfish spread. These findings will help to better understand the impact of eradication measures on signal crayfish populations. As this was the first research of its kind, this thesis opens up opportunities for methodological improvements and further development, as well as posing many new questions that need to be addressed. The ultimate goal of these efforts is to improve management interventions against invasive signal crayfish.
Porovnání přežívání a růstu raka červeného a raka mramorovaného v teplotně suboptimálních podmínkách
DAVID, Jaroslav
Biological invasions are increasingly recognized as biological and economic threats. The numbers of these invasions continue to rise over time, disrupting the original biodiversity. In this experiment, we focused on two species of crayfish native to North America, the red swamp crayfish and the marbled crayfish, which are among the most important invasive crayfish worldwide. To determine which of these species should be dominant in permanently suboptimal temperature conditions (water temperature of 16 °C), we conducted an experiment evaluating growth, mortality, claws damage, and maturation in single-species and mixed stocks. It turned out that the faster-growing species was the red swamp crayfish, which grew the fastest in mixed stocks, at the expense of marbled crayfish, which, on the contrary, grew more slowly in these stocks than in single-species stocks. There were no large differences in survival in the individual groups, except single-species marbled crayfish stocks, for which the survival rate was about 15% higher than in other groups. The incidence of individuals with damaged claws was higher for red swamp crayfish, a large difference was recorded between marble crayfish groups, when in mixed stocks the damage was circa five times higher contrary to the single-species setup. At the end of the experiment (week 18), three mature males with gonopods and one female with glair glands were found in the red swamp crayfish.
Prague commemorative urban toponyms between 1945 and 1989 and how they shaped the identity of the socialist city
Ptáčníková, Martina ; Harvalík, Milan (advisor) ; David, Jaroslav (referee) ; Krško, Jaromír (referee)
This Ph.D. thesis investigates Prague urban toponyms used between the end of the Second World War and 1989. While the number of texts concerned with names of public spaces within cities/towns has been rising continuously since the 1980s, no detailed analyses have been presented that focus on urban toponymy as it was used during the Communist Party reign in Czechoslovakia. This Ph.D. thesis examines commemorative names with an objective to trace the development of urbanonymy of this period, perceiving commemorative names as the most suitable instrument that can be used to describe how Prague toponymy, a politicized space reflecting historical milestones as well as claims staked by the elites then in power, formed. The theoretical part of the Ph.D. thesis seeks to both define commemorative names and offer classification thereof based on a variety of classification criteria including, without limitation, lexico- semantic and structural criteria. Additionally, the theoretical part touches upon urban space and its memory as well as on how urban landscape myths are created by officially sanctioned urban toponyms. It also addresses how urban spaces are perceived and how people orient themselves within these spaces. The second part of the thesis applies the theoretical framework to actual urban toponymy....
Certifikovaná metodika: Ochrana místních a pomístních jmen a urbanonym jako zdroje lokální, regionální a národní identity a kulturního dědictví
David, Jaroslav ; Mácha, Přemysl
This methodology presents the principal reasons, guidelines, and procedures for the protection of place names as cultural heritage. The methodology first summarizes the general principles of place names conservation and subsequently describes the individual methods of their protection in cities and villages in view of the specific charater of place names and factors which endanger them in different types of settlements. The methodology can be particularly useful for representatives and employees of public and state institutions and local government, or museums, archives and schools, who can significantly contribute to the conservation of the cultural heritage value of place names.
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