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The evaluation of radiation burden of patients and the possibility of radiation emergence and management of emergencies at the nuclear medicine department of the Hospital České Budějovice, PLC
DAŇOVÁ, Kristína
The aim of my thesis was to evaluate radiation consequences in patients, and to evaluate unusual occurrences stemming from radiation at the department of nuclear medicine in hospital Ceske Budejovice. In the theory part, I worked with professional literature, applicable laws and internal documentation provided by the department of nuclear medicine in hospital Ceske Budejovice Plc The thesis reacted to the need of the department of nuclear medicine (dept. NM) in hospital Ceske Budejovice to evaluate the optimisation of doses for the patients and set local diagnostic levels. Different organisations worldwide deal with the question of optimising radiation protection, and their recommendations and standards are used in the Czech Republic. For this purpose, it is necessary to know the real activity of radiopharmaceuticals applied in each examination and to conduct a forecast resulting in effective doses also based on CT scans. The thesis also evaluates the occurrence of special radiation events really experienced at the department of NM (nuclear medicine) in the hospital mentioned above, the reasons for these events happening and precautions preventing them from happening in future. The owner of the permission for this activity, meaning the use of the source of ionizing radiation, has the duty to keep all documentation and paperwork in accordance with the law regulating nuclear power, abide by the rules of good practices and the real state of allowed practice. The occurrence of unusual events is closely connected with the documentation - internal emergency plan and monitoring program. (Law 263/2016) Therefore, it was recommended to compare these to the actual state and to review them based on the facts found. The values of applied activities and effective doses found were compared to the values published in the last report from UNSCEAR in 2016 and national referential values published in the bill about radiation protection no 422/ 2016. All results were inputted into tables and graphs. It was found that the applied activities at the department of NM in hospital Ceske Budejovice are in agreement with the values presented in UNSCEAR report and that they are lower than the national referential levels, which shows that there is optimised state of radiation protection for patients. The occurrence of concrete unusual radiation events at the department of NM in hospital Ceske Budejovice and their analysis revealed certain shortcomings in the process and the absence of security elements needed while holding radioactive liquid waste in storage at the hospital. It was necessary to find and implement such precautions, which will prevent similar type of events in future. The thesis will be handed in to the person tending to the radiation protection for the use of evaluation and providing the protection at the department of NM at the hospital Ceske Budejovice and to enable the documentation to be completed for the allowed activity.
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The Radiation protection of Patients and staff in Nuclear Medicine.
DAŇOVÁ, Kristína
Open radioactive sources are used at the department of nuclear medicine for diagnoses and therapy, as well as for research purposes. Ionizing radiation is applied in all cases. Since a negative impact of this radiation has been depicted, it is necessary to systematically reduce the radiation on people, and protect the environment. The title of this bachelor thesis is: "Radiation protection of staff and operatives at the Department of Nuclear Medicine". This thesis is devided into several parts. The beginning of the theoretical part focuses on history of origins of radiation protection and institutions which deal with it. Further, nuclear medicine as such, its equipment, and structure of the department in general is described. The conclusion then introduces the DNM in the town of České Budějovice. Ionizing radiation and its biological effects on organisms were defined, as well as quantities and units which characterize it. A considerable part of this work focuses on principles of radiation protection, monitoring of the staff, workplace and releases. This work also deals with dosimetry and lists types of used dosimeters. It assesses the risks of outer and inner radiation. The aim of this thesis was to analyse laws and regulations which are connected to radiation protection and identify its effective application for staff and patiens of the DNM in České Budějovice. Another aim was to examine the radiation protection of patients at the Department of Nuclear Medicine, as well as the radiation protection of patients and staff at the inpatient ward. The research question was: "Is the radiation protection of patients and staff at the Department of Nuclear Medicine in hospital in the town of České Budějovice sufficiently optimized?" The method of research was assembling and recording materials of nuclear medicine in České Budějovice, compare doses of thermoluminescent dosimeters of the staff in outpatient and inpatient wards, and compare doses of finger and whole-body thermoluminescent dosimeters. The practical part provides detail information, charts and graphs of effective and equivalent doses of staff of outpatient and inpatient wards of the DNM in the town of České Budějovice between years 2009 and 2013. The outpatient ward comprises of fifteen employees. The inpatient ward of three nurses and one hospital attendant. These were observed in details for effective dose equivalents Hp(10) during each individual month for the period of five years. Results from the personal whole-body and finger dosimeters have been used for the analysis. The values of equivalent doses of HT from finger TLD are recorded for two of the employees. The data for the hospital in the town of České Budějovice was assessed by CSOD Ltd. In Prague, a company which has been providing dosimetric calculations in the Czech Republic for over tweny years. This data was compared with limits for radiation workers, which are regulated by State Office for Nuclear Safety no.389/2012 Sb., from November 16th, 2012, which changes the public notice of State Office for Nuclear Safety no.307/2002 Sb., about radiation protection as amended by public notice no.499/2005 Sb. The outcomes of the thesis have remitted a very high level of radiation protection and well-established measures in the protection of staff and patients against negative effects of ionizing radiation in the hospital of the town of České Budějovice. The thesis is then enhanced by a discussion, which reflects the outcomes compared with professional findings summarised in the theoretical part. The answer to the research quesion is: "Yes, radiation protection of the staff and patients at the Department of Nuclear Medicine in the hospital of the town of České Budějovice is sufficiently optimized." This bachelor thesis can be used as a study material for students of the field of study Radiology Assistant.
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