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Evolution of Human chin
Cvrčková, Lucie ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (referee)
Chin is one of the most distinctive features of anatomically modern humans, neither archaic nor Neanderthals had it. The chin is part of symphyseal part of mandibular symphysis and so that represents anatomical structure, it's meaning is not yet fully explained. The goal of the thesis was to summarize evolution of the chin including the importance od the most unique fossil findings. It also aims to explain different types of theories of the chin evolution, that have been formed so far. Among the most recognized present theories belongs dynamic and functional concept and concept of speech development impact on the formation of the chin. The first one takes into account mainly the biomechanical point of view and the development of the chin connects with the resistance of the whole jaw to chewing stress. The development of the chin during evolution was in connection with verticalizing of the symphysis, which is likely associated with non-functional factors such as the gracilization of jaw apparatus including reduction of the protrusion of both jaws as well as the space for tongue. The biomechanic "in vivo" experiments of the human mandible have not yet produced clear results. There are still needed to be addressed in the context of modern methodology. However, it is likely that the chin, as well as other...
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Monitoring of motor abilityes in relation to somatic development in contemporary preschool children
Cvrčková, Lucie ; Sedlak, Petr (advisor) ; Dvořáková, Hana (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on the evaluation of the level of basic motor skills of preschool children in relation to gender, age, completion of the first figure changes, body composition and level of physical posture development. The study held from May 2013 to January 2014 included 208 children (101 boys and 107 girls) in the age range of 3 - 6 years old attending kindergartens. Each subject was observed based on 32 somatic characteristics (body height, weight, 8 width dimensions, 8 peripheral characteristics of the trunk and limbs, thickness of 14 skinfolds). There was performed the body mass fractionation according to Matiegka's equations for the analysis of body composition. The completion of first character transformations was examined by aspect assessment (according to Filipin rate), so was examined the quality of posture (methods according to Matthias) and the quality of postural functions (method according to Jaroš and Lomíček). In the case of basic motor skills there was chosen 20 ms run with standing start for the testing of speed capability, for the evaluation of explosive strength abilities was selected jump from the spot with two legs reflection, the testing of explosive strength of the upper limbs was exercised by a ball throw (150 g) by both right and left hand and the evaluation...
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Evolution of Human chin
Cvrčková, Lucie ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (referee)
Chin is one of the most distinctive features of anatomically modern humans, neither archaic nor Neanderthals had it. The chin is part of symphyseal part of mandibular symphysis and so that represents anatomical structure, it's meaning is not yet fully explained. The goal of the thesis was to summarize evolution of the chin including the importance od the most unique fossil findings. It also aims to explain different types of theories of the chin evolution, that have been formed so far. Among the most recognized present theories belongs dynamic and functional concept and concept of speech development impact on the formation of the chin. The first one takes into account mainly the biomechanical point of view and the development of the chin connects with the resistance of the whole jaw to chewing stress. The development of the chin during evolution was in connection with verticalizing of the symphysis, which is likely associated with non-functional factors such as the gracilization of jaw apparatus including reduction of the protrusion of both jaws as well as the space for tongue. The biomechanic "in vivo" experiments of the human mandible have not yet produced clear results. There are still needed to be addressed in the context of modern methodology. However, it is likely that the chin, as well as other...
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