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Translated Czech and Its Characteristics
Chlumská, Lucie ; Cvrček, Václav (advisor) ; Malá, Markéta (referee) ; Bermel, Neil Halford Andrew (referee)
Title: Translated Czech and Its Characteristics Author: Mgr. Lucie Chlumská Department: Institute of the Czech National Corpus Supervisor: doc. Mgr. Václav Cvrček, Ph.D. Abstract: Despite the fact that translated literature accounts for more than one third of all written publications in the Czech Republic, Czech in translations has not yet been systematically analyzed from a quantitative point of view. The main objective of this corpus-based dissertation is to identify characteristic features of translated Czech com- pared to Czech in original, i.e. non-translated texts. The analysis was based on a large monolingual comparable corpus Jerome, created for the purposes of this study. It inclu- des both fiction and non-fiction texts and its design reflects the real Czech situation regarding the translations' source languages, i.e. translations from English prevail. The research was inspired by the theory of translation universals (typical linguistic featu- res common to any translated text) and focused mainly on simplification, convergence and general frequency characteristics, including parts-of-speech distribution and n-gram analysis. The findings have supported the hypothesis that translated Czech, as reflected in the Jerome corpus, is different from the non-translated Czech in terms of higher degree of...
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The Theory of Communication as an Explanatory Principle for the Natural Multilevel Text Segmentation
Milička, Jiří ; Zemánek, Petr (advisor) ; Cvrček, Václav (referee) ; Altmann, Gabriel (referee)
1. Phonemes, words, clauses and sentences are not a logical necessity of language, unlike distinctive features and morphemes. 2. Despite this, such nested segmentation is very firmly present in languages and in our concepts of language description, 3. because nested segmentation and inserting redundancy on multiple levels is an efficient way to get the language signal through the burst-noise channel. 4. There are various strategies how redundancy can be added and what kind of redundancy can be added. 5. The segment delimiter is expressed by some additional information and the amount of delimiting information is independent from the length of the seg- ment it delimits. This principle can serve as a basis for a successful model for the Menzerath's relation.
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Personal pronouns já and on - their codification and current status
Horký, Václav ; Cvrček, Václav (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
The topic of this bachelor's essay are word forms of Czech personal pronouns já and on whose codification changed since 1930s and cognate word forms of relative pronoun jenž. The work analyses the articles which suggested or defended these changes and concentrates on how they argued for them. Then it sums up descriptions of these forms in current grammar books and dictionaries. Finally, it explores several phenomena connected with these forms in synchronic corpora. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Words with extremely restricted colocability in Czech and other European languages
Šíková Hrejsemnová, Lenka ; Cvrček, Václav (advisor) ; Křivan, Jan (referee)
This thesis presents an insight into the phenomenon of cranberry collocations. In opposition to their prevailing conception as a marginal part of phraseology, it shows, on the basis of corpus data, that their nature is very diverse and deserves a broader view. It suggests statistical tools which can be used to search for cranberry words in corpora. Based on an analysis of the data obtained by this method, it presents a classification and description of the phenomenon in Czech, including some problematic points. These findings are subsequently used for comparison of cranberry collocations in Czech with data obtained in the same way in Slovak, French and English.
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Conjunctions in Spoken and Written Czech
Tartakovskaya, Anastasia ; Cvrček, Václav (advisor) ; Hudousková, Andrea (referee)
TARTAKOVSKAYA, A. Conjunctions in spoken and written Czech Faculty of arts Charles University in Prague, 2011 Supervisor: Václav Cvrček, Ph.D. Number of pages: 66 + 6 attachments Key words: Conjunctions, written Czech language, spoken Czech language, word link, Czech National Corpus, secondary linking conjunctions, co-coordinating linking conjunctions Conjunctions in the Czech language are still relatively small chapter described in manuals and grammar books. The aim is to investigate connecting words in spoken and written language, their use in text and links with other words, compare the use of the coupling term in written and spoken Czech language. Theoretical basis for master's thesis is based on several works which are devoted to this issue, either in whole or in dealing with some of its parts. But the major outline of work is driven by the Czech National Corpus (hereafter CNC), namely the corpora SYN2005 and ORAL2008. First chapter deals with CNC and coupling expressions in general, second deals with secondary linking conjunctions, their use in text types and surrounding words. The content of the third chapter incorporates the connecting conjunctions.
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Comparison of a traditional dictionary description and a corpus of written Czech with regard to semantic prosody
Vovchuk, Oleksandr ; Cvrček, Václav (advisor) ; Hudousková, Andrea (referee)
Czech dictionaries were created in the pre-corpus era; it is thus clear that some of their entries don't take into account semantic prosody - the fact that some lexemes occur in particular contexts (consequences are always far-reaching or catastrophic, while intention can be both evil and noble). The aim of this thesis is to compare selected parts of a dictionary (randomly selected probe into Czech adjectives) with corpus material, define the extent of missing information in the current state of Czech language description and explore, how many per cent of information about entries is missing in contemporary dictionaries. We based our research on Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (Dictionary of Written Czech) and representative corpuses of written language SYN2005, or else SYN2010. Context analysis was carried out by means of statistical methods and collocation rates. The difference between dictionary definitions and information inferred from the corpus research could become a further guideline for creating a new dictionary (besides adding a whole range of new entries that are still missing in Czech dictionaries). Keywords lexicon, corpus, semantic prosody
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Conjunctions in spoken and written Czech
Tartakovskaya, Anastasia ; Cvrček, Václav (advisor) ; Hudousková, Andrea (referee)
TARTAKOVSKAYA, A., Conjunctions in spoken and written Czech Faculty of arts Charles University in Prague, 2012 Supervisor: Václav Cvrček, Ph.D. Number of pages: 74 + 6 attachments Key words: Conjunctions, written Czech language, spoken Czech language, word link, Czech National Corpus, secondary linking conjunctions, co-coordinating linking conjunctions Conjunctions in Czech language are still relatively poorly described in manuals and grammar books. The aim of the thesis is to investigate conjunctions in spoken and written language, their usage both in texts and in relations with neighboring words, further to compare their usage in written and spoken language. Theoretical background of this thesis is based on several works, which are devoted to this issue, either in whole or to some of its parts. However, the work itself is driven by the Czech National Corpus (hereafter CNC), namely the corpora SYN2005 and ORAL2008. First chapter deals with CNC and conjunctions in general, second investigates secondary linking conjunctions, their use in text types and surrounding words. The content of the third chapter incorporates the connecting conjunctions.
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Position of Numerals in the Parts of Speech System
Paldusová, Michaela ; Cvrček, Václav (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
This thesis deals with the definition of numerals and its position in the system of words classes. First, briefly describes the history and current attitudes to general issue of parts- of- speech classification in the context of foreign and Czech linguistics. Subsequently, a different theoretical concepts Czech linguistics devoted to the issue of speech numerals from the mid-20th century to the present. Based on the contextual analysis of data from the database of the Czech National Corpus then verifies the current classification criteria of parts-of-speech classification. At the same time tests on a prototypical numerals new approach to the definition of numerals as separate species, based on the context units surveyed. Finally submits proposals that are based on statistically processed outputs of contextual analysis. Key words: numerals, classification of numerals, context analysis, Czech National Corpus, corpus analysis
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Theory of interventions and the concept of minimal intervention
Cvrček, Václav ; Sgall, Petr (advisor) ; Čermák, František (referee) ; Kořenský, Jan (referee)
Theory of Interventions Theory of Interventions was elaborated as a general methodological and sociolinguistic theory describing 1) influences which can change the language development (types of intervention, their effect and their classification) and 2) the possible ways how to design relationship between linguists, speakers and language. According to this theory, language is an object which is exposed to interventions (metaphor of an Brownian motion from physics, p. 19). Among other possible divisions, interventions can be of two types: individual and institutionalized (p. 18). Individual interventions include processes of (self-)censorship, proofreading or language management in media. These interventions create a spontaneous order, they are plural and variable. Therefore they mutually interfere and their impact is very small or none (they almost never influence the immanent evolution of language). On the other hand, institutionalized interventions include processes leading to standardization of language, language education or language politics. Impact of institutionalized interventions can influence development of language, because they are monopoly and because of their authority.
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