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Pathogenesis of limbs in Sprouty2/Sprouty4 mice
Cimlerová, Markéta ; Hovořáková, Mária (advisor) ; Buchtová, Marcela (referee)
Sprouty proteins play the role of negative regulators of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), including the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathway. During embryonic development, this pathway is essential for the regulation of cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and apoptosis, and its activity is crucial for normal limb development. An integral part of this pathway are also FGF receptors (FGFR), of which, for example, FGFR3 significantly affects chondrocytes in the growth plate and its mutations lead to the development of chondrodysplastic syndromes. Sprouty proteins play important roles during the formation of body tissues in the process of organogenesis. It has been shown that Sprouty2 and Sprouty4 are involved in the formation of many organs, such as the brain, lungs, teeth, but also in the formation of limbs. Sprouty2 is a regulator of enchondral ossification, modulates signaling in osteoblasts and chondrocytes and is essential for normal chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Sprouty4 is expressed in the progress zone of the limb bud. Disruption of Sprouty2 and Sprouty4 gene expression leads to limb defects, which has been demonstrated, for example, in mouse or chicken embryos. In the presented work we deal with the development of the limbs of transgenic mice with...
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Male infertility in context of testicular cancer
Cimlerová, Markéta ; Komrsková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Truksa, Jaroslav (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on male infertility in a connection to testicular cancer. Testicular cancer is the most common malignancy among young men in a reproductive age and the worldwide incidence of testicular cancer is on the rise. A lot of attention is also given to an increasing rate of infertility in a context of testicular cancer. For these reasons, the aim of this thesis is to clarify several non-physiological changes, such as hormone levels, spermatogenesis and sperm parameters, which take place in a male body and influence the chance to become a biological father. These pathological changes can be due to the disease itself but also due to the treatment. A cryopreservation of semen is also going to be discussed as the way to preserve male fertility and as an option for couples with the infertility problems due to male factor which rely on help of the assisted reprodiction. Kye words: testicular cancer, cancer treatment, male infertility, sperm parameters, mitochondria, assisted reproduction
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