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Analysis of Determinants of Carsharing
Špiroch, Jakub ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Hájek, Jan (referee)
Shared economy is a phenomenon becoming more prevalent in our society. The study explores the case of business-to-consumer (B2C) carsharing. Using a unique cross-sectional data set, which is compiled by aggregating several city- specific demographic and geographic factors, we construct several models which should be explanatory on the characteristics of cities, where car sharing is ac- tive and successful. Firstly, a logistic regression is employed to estimate the impact of predefined factors on the presence of B2C car sharing in a city. We find out that there is significantly positive relationship between the presence of prestigious university and active shared mobility platform. Furthermore, we introduce the OLS regression with log-level functional form to estimate, what determinants affect the quantity of cars in cities. Additionally, we provide explanation on demographic and geographical variables, which have the most defining impact on the prosperity of car-sharing. In conclusion, several sugges- tions on future research and studies based on carsharing success are presented. Keywords car-sharing, shared economy, B2C, Logit, OLS regression Author's e-mail spiroch.jakub@gmail.com Supervisor's e-mail julie.chytilova@cuni.cz
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The Geopolitics of Repressions
Kosík, Martin ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Paulus, Michal (referee)
This thesis studies how geopolitical concerns influence attitudes of a state toward its ethnic minorities. Using data digitized from archival sources on more than 2 million individual arrests by the Soviet secret police, I apply difference-in-differences and synthetic control method to estimate how changing German-Soviet relations influenced repressions of Germans in the Soviet Union. The results of both methods show that there was large and statistically significant increase in arrests of Germans following the German invasion into the Soviet Union in 1941. Furthermore, the impact of war appears to be highly persistent since there is almost no decline in the estimated effect on repressions for nearly 10 years after the end of the war. Keywords repression, geopolitics, Soviet Union, difference-in-differences, synthetic control method, archival data
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Three Essays on Unethical Behavior
Korbel, Václav ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Glätzle-Rürtzler, Daniela (referee) ; Ibañez-Diaz, Marcela (referee) ; Münich, Daniel (referee)
This dissertation consists of three essays that explore how unethical behavior develops in adolescence. All three essays use a methodology of lab-in-the-field experiment, but each investigates questions related to unethical behavior from a different perspective. The research presented in this thesis focuses on unethical behavior in two populations: the general population of adolescents and juvenile delinquents. Combining findings from the general and problematic population of adolescents helps us to understand what factors contribute to delinquency and more importantly, what factors may attenuate it. In the first essay, we investigate whether adolescents cheat more when making a decision in groups compared to deciding as individuals and whether the process of group formation matters. The results show that, in general, groups cheat more but the results are driven primarily by younger adolescents while there is no difference between individuals and groups among older adolescents. Interestingly, the process how groups are formed does not play a role. This suggests that tendencies to cheat develop still in the adolescence and that the context in which decision is made, is important. The second essay studies how willingness to obey rules differs between juvenile delinquents and adolescents from the...
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Anti-social behavior in groups
Bauer, Michal ; Cahlíková, J. ; Celik Katreniak, D. ; Chytilová, Julie ; Cingl, L. ; Želinský, T.
This paper provides strong evidence supporting the long-standing speculation that decisionmaking in groups has a dark side, by magnifying the prevalence of anti-social behavior towards outsiders. A large-scale experiment implemented in Slovakia and Uganda (N=2,309) reveals that deciding in a group with randomly assigned peers increases the prevalence of anti-social behavior that reduces everyone’s payoff but which improves the relative position of own group. The effects are driven by the influence of a group context on individual behavior, rather than by group deliberation. The observed patterns are strikingly similar on both continents.
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The Economic impact of Climate Change
Abdul Zaher, Noor ; Cahlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Chytilová, Julie (referee)
Bachelor's Thesis Proposal Institute of Economic Studies Faculty of Social Sciences Charles University in Prague Author's name and surname: Noor Abdul Zaher E-mail: noor_naimi@hotmail.com Phone: +420-774- 319370 Supervisor's name: doc. Ing. Tomáš Cahlík, CSc. Supervisor's email: cahlik@fsv,cuni.cz Notes: Please enter the information from the proposal to the Student Information System (SIS) and submit the proposal signed by you and by the supervisor to the Academic Director ("garant") of the undergraduate program. Proposed Topic: Economic Impact of the Climate Change By: Noor Abdul Zaher Research Question: Can the short term positive impacts of climate change offset the negative outcomes across different regions of the world? Motivation: Climate change and its total physical impacts on human life has been one of the key concerns of scientists for decades and it has become an essential political agenda for many world countries in recent years. Studies have identified the physical risks of the climate change as changes in precipitation patterns, shifting deserts and monsoons, sea level rise, more intense and extreme weather, destruction of marine food chain due to ocean acidification as well as changes in ocean circulations. Taking that into consideration, it is needless to argue that such physical risks do...
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Electronic Records of Sales and Their Implementation in the Czech Republic
Mach, Petr ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Baxa, Jaromír (referee)
The subject of this thesis is electronic records (EET) of sales and its implementation in the Czech Republic. Because one of the main goals is to improve tax collection the first part of the theoretical section of the thesis is devoted to a brief introduction to taxes and specifically the value-added tax. The second part of the theoretical section is describing the specifics of the Czech version of electronic records of sales. First, a few models of records of sales are described and which of them was chosen and why. Then this model is described in detail, including who has to abide by it, what sales they have to record and some of the technical aspects of the system. A part is also dedicated to the associated receipt lottery and the end of the theoretical section is devoted to similar systems of electronic evidence of sales and their impacts in other countries. The practical section of the thesis is devoted to answering the question if the introduction of electronic records of sales in the Czech Republic was justified, based on fulfillment of its initial goals. The main goals were to increase the tax revenue and lowering the size of the shadow economy. In order to verify the estimate of increase in VAT revenue due to introduction of EET, calculated by the Ministry of Finance, I calculate my own...
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The Truth Behind the Lies: The Experiment
Harutyunyan, Mikayel ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Matoušek, Jindřich (referee)
The Truth Behind The Lies: The Experiment. Abstract The following thesis presents an economic experiment exploring the patterns of cheating behaviors among secondary school students. The students filled in the Big Five and the Dark Triad personality inventories, for which they were rewarded. The payoff in sweets was determined by a die roll. Since the outcomes of the die throw were known only to the subjects, they could decide whether to report the real outcome of the die roll or deceive. Subsequent analysis showed that a certain fraction of participants cheated, but some of them claimed a non-maximal payoff. We also find the appeal to honesty ineffective in reducing the cheating rate. Additionally, we find positive correlation between narcissism, extraversion and cheating, while openness to experience, neuroticism and Morality, a facet of agreeableness, covary negatively with dishonesty. Individuals with poor academic ability cheat less, while subjects who perform better at the Cognitive Reflection Test appear to deceive more. Furthermore, indicators of "unstable" family environment (divorced or unemployed parents) are positively associated with cheating, whilst the effect of a more affluent family background is equivocal. Ultimately, females seem to forgo the opportunity of cheating to a full extent and...
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Effects of poverty on impatience: preferences or inattention?
Bartoš, V. ; Bauer, Michal ; Chytilová, Julie ; Levely, I.
We study two psychological channels how poverty may increase impatient behavior – an effect\non time preference and reduced attention. We measured discount rates among Ugandan farmers\nwho made decisions about when to enjoy entertainment instead of working. We find that\nexperimentally induced thoughts about poverty-related problems increase the preference to\nconsume entertainment early and delay work. The effect is equivalent to a 27 p.p. increase in\nthe intertemporal rate of substitution. Using monitoring tools similar to eye tracking, a novel\nfeature for this subject pool, we show this effect is not due to a lower ability to sustain attention.
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Electronic Records of Sales and Their Implementation in the Czech Republic
Mach, Petr ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Moravcová, Michala (referee)
The subject of this thesis is electronic records of sales and its implementation in the Czech Republic. Because one of the main goals is to improve tax collection the first part of the theoretical section of the thesis is devoted to a brief introduction to taxes and specifically the value-added tax. The second part of the theoretical section is describing the specifics of the Czech version of electronic records of sales. First, a few models of records of sales are described and which of them was chosen and why. Then this model is described in detail, including who has to abide by it, what sales they have to record and some of the technical aspects of the system. A part is also dedicated to the associated receipt lottery. The practical section of the thesis is devoted to answering the question if the introduction of electronic records of sales in the Czech Republic was justified, based on fulfillment of its initial goals. The main goals were to increase the tax revenue and lowering the size of the shadow economy. Apart from these goals, the practical section is also evaluating the costs of the whole project and also some public concerns are addressed. The thesis ends with a brief look at the future of records of sales in the Czech Republic.
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