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Malleability of semantic representations and factors which influence it
Janáková, Alžběta ; Chromý, Jan (advisor) ; Šimík, Radek (referee)
The work critically reflects on the study by Shiri Lev-Ari titled "Social network size can influence linguistic malleability and the propagation of linguistic change", which argues that the size of a social network directly affects the flexibility of semantic representations. This study will be conceptually replicated in the Czech language, considering additional factors that may influence the flexibility of semantic representations. The work will take the form of the first phase of a registered report, and pilot testing will be conducted. The theoretical part of the work will provide a comprehensive overview of the literature on the relationship between language and social networks, the methodology of studying social networks, literature on lexical entrainment, and factors influencing language accommodation. Additionally, the work will focus on processes of language learning, lexical entrainment, structural priming, self-monitoring, and methods of its measurement, as well as adapting communication to the dialogical partner. The methodological part will present a detailed and well-elaborated design for experimental research, which will be used to test the presented hypotheses of the study. The experiment will be piloted for testing. Key words: Psycholinguistics, semantics, social networks, personality
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The expression of speaker's bias in Czech polar questions
Staňková, Anna ; Šimík, Radek (advisor) ; Chromý, Jan (referee)
This MA thesis focuses on Czech polar questions, especially on the description of their syn- tactic-semantic interface. Besides that, I discuss an additional layer of pragmatic meaning (i.e., bias), which expresses the speaker's expectations about the possible answers based on their beliefs or on their immediate context. The question's bias is signaled by a number of formal means: word order (interrogative vs. declarative), polarity (positive vs. negative question) and particles (e.g. copak). The interpretation of negation in polar questions is by no means trivial, as it gives rise to two types of reading: inner and outer. I propose explicit syntactic and semantic analyses of negative polar questions in Czech using the generative and formal semantic approach. To capture the difference between inner and outer negation, I use Repp's (2013) theory and the verum/falsum operators. I also propose a syntactic analysis of ver- bal movement to the initial position in Czech interrogative sentences. The thesis, therefore, aims to characterize how the formal means interact with the question's meaning (including bias). I ran a naturalness judgment task to empirically test the hypotheses based on previous accounts of polar questions and my own analyses. The experimental set-up consisted of mul- tiple parts...
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Nonword repetition in adult L2 learners of Czech
Striová, Michaela ; Cilibrasi, Luca (advisor) ; Chromý, Jan (referee)
Previous studies have shown that children with specific language impairment and bilingual children tend to perform below average in nonword repetition tasks. Similar tendencies might appear in adults without specific language impairment who try to learn a language other than their native tongue, even though little is known about this population. The presented diploma thesis studies nonword repetition in adult L2 learners of Czech. The participants tested were native speakers of Romanian who learn Czech and live in the Czech Republic. The test used is the one developed by Sileo and Tyčová (2019). In the experimental part, the participants were asked to repeat 24 nonwords after the researcher, subsequently to completing a short level of proficiency assessment and a questionnaire monitoring their integration into the Czech language environment. Three linguistic variables from the repetition task were subsequently analyzed: nonword length, phonological complexity, and morphological complexity. To assess the significance of the mentioned linguistic factors, Wilcoxon's signed-rank tests were used, which allowed the comparison between long and short nonwords, nonword with and without phonological clusters, and items with different morphological complexity. Furthermore, correlation tests were run to find...
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Language Shift in a Czech Community in the Daruvar Area
Flídrová, Eva ; Chromý, Jan (advisor) ; Dittmann, Robert (referee)
The thesis deals with the linguistic situation of the Czech community living in the Daruvar region of the Republic of Croatia and presents the contemporary linguistic situation of the ethnic Czech community with a focus on language shift as a sociolinguistic phenomenon. The first part of the paper introduces basic sociolinguistic terms and principles based on research on bilingual communities. Within the framework of factors influencing ethnolinguistic vitality, the Czech minority in Croatia is presented, from the settlement of the territory to the organization of contemporary Czech minority life and the institutional teaching of Czech as a minority language. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the analysis of data from questionnaires collected during the research in the area. In addition to demographic data, the questionnaire examines the use of the Czech language in communication with other members of the community. The questions in the second part of the questionnaire are used to assess bilingual dominance. Based on the formulated hypotheses, the attitude towards the Czech language and language choice across three generations of speakers is investigated. The aim of the research is to provide an interim report on the course of language shift in the Daruvar region and to record the current...
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Possessive adjectives - interaction between nominal and hard adjectival inflection
Vraná, Michaela ; Synková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Chromý, Jan (referee)
The aim of this work is to complete the view of the Czech gramatics and other studies to the language question of the intraction of possesive adjectives and find out, how the Czech publicists working in chosen commercial media verse in this question of language. In a teoretical part we tried to sum up a picture of possesive adjectives in circumstance Czech linguistics, in a practical part we explained how we approach to the creation of our questionnaire about the use of possessive adjectives of chosen publicists and we described the results of our survey. The main finding was that our respondents tend to answer registry and prefer possessive adjectives before the genitive. This work is beneficial because it summarizes the knowledge referred to in grammars on the subject of possesive adjectives and shows how Czech writers of selected periodicals versed in issues of possessive adjectives.
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Jiří Haller in the contexts of Czech linguistics
Chromý, Jan ; Nebeská, Iva (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
This study tries to examine the position of Jiří Haller in the context of Czech linguistics, or more precisely in the context of the development of Czech research of language culture. The first chapter analyzes the work of Jan Gebauer, Josef Zubatý and Václav Ertl, Le. the work of Haller's predecessors. The goal is to find joint aspects of theirs approach to the language culture. The second chapter is concerned with the background of Haller's professional work, mainly with the study entitled "Problém jazykové správnosti", which summarizes Haller's early theoretical attitude. The third chapter analyzes the dispute over literary language; it offers a complex survey of those debates and tries to critically evaluate particular polemic appearances. The fourth part examines other works of Jiří Haller, Le. his activities after 1932. The main goal of the study is to revise traditional opinions on the personality of Jiří Haller and to present a more realistic view on his linguistic appearance and his work.
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Lexical-gustatory Synaesthesia in Native Speakers of Czech
Hupáková, Kateřina ; Chromý, Jan (advisor) ; Lehečková, Eva (referee)
This thesis presents the current knowledge about synesthesia as a specific mode of perception where a sensation (i.e. an inducer) induces another sensation which is not actually present (i.e. a concurrent). Special attention is paid to lexical-gustatory synaesthesia, a special type of synesthesia in which taste is the concurrent (word > taste). The empirical part of the thesis is devoted to practical research of lexical-gustatory synaesthesia among Czech native speakers. It describes the methodology of data collection including a questionnaire survey and the selection of respondents. The core and main benefit of the thesis lies in the detailed descriptions of four selected lexical-gustatory synaesthetes with whom we conducted a one-hour interview questioning the nature of their experiences. The information obtained from this research together with realted related the findings from the literature are summarized in the conclusion of this thesis.
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Structural Iconicity and Possessive Constructions: Explorations in Artificial Language Learning
Láznička, Michal ; Friedová, Mirjam (advisor) ; Chromý, Jan (referee)
This thesis is concerned with structural iconicity and its effects on possessive classification. The Iconicity-of-distance hypothesis argues that the linguistic distance between a possessor and a possessum reflects the conceptual distance, and is therefore smaller in inalienable possession. The role of distance iconicity in language processing was tested using the artificial language learning paradigm. An experiment was designed to investigate whether speakers of Czech will learn an iconically structured grammar better. The experiment conducted with 40 participants did not show significant differences between the two experimental groups. However, the evidence is inconlusive and the data suggest that structural iconicity could influence processing. The results also suggest that speaker of Czech are able to use alienability as a category of language.
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Grey colour in Czech and its reflection in the Czech dictionaries
Fimanová, Barbora ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Chromý, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with two lexemes šedý and šedivý, which serve to designate grey colour in Czech. Methodological it is based on the concepts of color terms in the context of cognitive linguistics introduced in the first chapter. Linguistic part of this thesis presents the analysis of the Czech dictionaries and the corpus data, focusing on frequent collocations individual lexemes. Those findings lead to designate one of the adjectives as basic color term in the conception B. Berlin and P. Kay. The research also contributes to the clarification of the problem, in which areas these terms differ or overlap in meaning. For this purpose it uses a typology of semantic structure of colour concept K. Waszakowa. The results show, that originally the adjectives referred to different objects of reality, but gradually the meanings and connotations of both lexemes converge, but still don't work completely synonymously. Keywords colors, grey color, meaning, connotation, collocation, prototype, basic color term, Czech linguistic dictionaries
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Differences and similarities of sound-colour synaesthesia (chromaesthesia) and other related perceptual phenomena
Kysilková, Lenka ; Šebesta, Pavel (advisor) ; Chromý, Jan (referee)
Synaesthesia is a perceptual phenomenon found in a small percentage of the population. Stimulation of one perceptual modality triggers a second sensation in other non-stimulated modality. For example hearing sound would induce concurrent percept of colour. This thesis is focused around phenomenological evidence and possible mechanisms underlying synaesthesia. Resemblance of synaesthesia to other similar perceptual phenomena like crossmodal correspondences makes it difficult to define by researchers. I investigate differences and similarities to crossmodal correspondences and also critically review the methodology of experimental studies. Keywords Synaesthesia, crossmodal correspondences, perception
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