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Effects of competition on the passenger rail market in the Czech Republic
Švarc, Jiří ; Ježek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Chmelová, Pavla (referee)
In order to reform the monopoly structure of the railway sector in the Czech Republic the railway operation was separated from railway infrastructure. Despite the mentioned organization reform current intensity of rivalry of the competition in the passenger rail transport segment stays considerably limited and high subsidy demands are made to ensure the public rail transport operation. This thesis analyses funding of the passenger rail transport and tries to discover the causes of high subsidy demands. It also tries to quantify potential savings of the public funds that are provided to operate long-distance passenger rail transport.
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Independent Regulatory Authorities in the Czech Republic from 2001 until the Present Day
Kejnovská, Kateřina ; Vostrovská, Zdenka (advisor) ; Chmelová, Pavla (referee)
This work is will deal with the amount of costs and personal provisions with a view to the performance of regulations of independent regulatory authorities in the Czech Republic from 2001 until the present day. Independent regulatory authorities are characteristic for their specific placement within the hierarchy of state administration, their independence from the political will, and they are financed from the state budget. This work aims to find out what is the proportion of costs related to the output of regulations of independent regulatory authorities to the overall costs linked to the output of state administration, and analyze the development of this indicator in the aforesaid period. In the same way, the development in the personnel area will be analysed. As the source for data analysis will be primarily used annual reports of selected regulatory authorities, The Czech Statistical Authority and Ministry of Finance. The amount of regulations by the state and reinforcing or streamlining of the functions of the state administrations -- these are the topics of constant scholarly discussions both in the economic and political fields. At present, The European Commission requires that the Czech Republic establish two new independent regulatory authorities in the fields of railway transport and water management. The reason to establish an independent regulatory authority shall be to make sure of equal conditions of liberalized market of railway transportation and functioning of independent regulatory authority in the water-management field, as stated in the conditions of European Commission for subsidizing in the period between 2014 and 2020. The theoretical part will define the terms of regulations and describe the concepts of economic theories related to the regulations controlled by the state. Furthermore, the theoretical part will focus on definitions of independent regulatory authority and will describe the historical development of independent regulatory authorities. The practical part will concern itself with the institutional and legal framework, competency and activities of independent regulatory authorities. Furthermore, their budget and personnel aspects will be analysed. The goal of the Thesis is to analyse the development of costs and personnel scope of independent regulatory authorities with a view to the overall costs linked to the state administration and to the overall personnel provisions of the state administration in the mentioned period.
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Fiscal compact
Suková, Nikol ; Ježek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Chmelová, Pavla (referee)
The thesis evaluates a need of the Fiscal compact measures, its adequacy and impacts on the Eurozone namely based on evaluation of indebtedness of selected member states. The evaluation is carried out by the empirical-analytic research, where the euro zone is analyzed from the perspective of the theory of optimal monetary area, the issue of member countries indebtedness and impacts of indebtedness on the entire euro zone. The thesis also evaluates the existing instruments of fiscal discipline and their deficiencies and new Fiscal compact as an instrument for stabilization and correction. The thesis examines the accuracy of the initial hypothesis that the Fiscal compact as an instrument of fiscal discipline is entirely essential measure of the future euro area functioning. It had been proven that a monetary union can not effectively operate without the long-term fiscal union.
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Development of higher education in the Czech Republic since the nineties of the last century
Pačes, Ota ; Poláková, Olga (advisor) ; Chmelová, Pavla (referee)
The aim of each of the developed countries in the field of education includes belonging to the world's leading powers. Although the importance and value of education in the Czech Republic changed over time, education has become increasingly more important and always contributed significantly to the socio-economic development of the society. This thesis analyzes the development of Czech higher education from a historical perspective since the last years of normalization to the present. It also focuses on dealing with the phenomenon of massification of education, in later years, with influences of European integration and the variability of demographic trends. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the performance indicators of domestic higher education, aiming primarily on the number of students, the network of institutions, in which they are educated, and the level of education they achieve. The thesis also includes a comparison of the performance and financial indicators with the developed OECD countries and the conclusion analyzes the current status and trends in the financing of the Czech tertiary education system. The essence of the thesis is a comprehensive evaluation of the last two decades in the field of tertiary education.
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The Impact of Eventual Legalization of Prostitution on Budget Income of Chosen Territorial Units in the North-West Bohemia Region
Lhotská, Veronika ; Poláková, Olga (advisor) ; Chmelová, Pavla (referee)
The bachelor thesis is focused on the impact of regulation of prostitution on budget income of selected territorial units. The current Proposal of the Act on Regulation of Prostitution and the Act on the Budget Determination of Taxes imply that territorial units should have be entitled especially to a share of the income tax revenue. The estimates of budget income suggest that the mostly affected territorial units should be entitled to the relatively largest share of income tax revenue. However, this rule is violated in case of less affected but large territorial units. This is because, according to the Act on the Budget Determination of Taxes, the income tax revenue is redistributed unproportionally from the most affected territorial units to the largests units. The estimated tax income from regulation of prostitution would be negligible part of the total income of all selected territorial units.
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Analysis of the development of public budget of the Czech Republic from 1993 up to the present
Chmelová, Pavla ; Zeman, Karel (advisor) ; Krebs, Vojtěch (referee)
Objective of this diploma thesis is to process analysis of development of revenues, expenditures and deficit of the state budget in the Czech Republic and to characterize the main economic trends, state of public funds and the economy at large. There are identified shares of exogenous influences, accepted reforms and measures in the economic development during the period from 1993 up to 2010. Theoretic -- methodological part is divided into three parts, the first one describes fiscal policy in general. The second part deals with the state budget, its revenue and expenditure side and very current field of debt financing. In the last part there is processed tax theory and conception of the flat tax from theoretical point of view. Practical part is introduced by description of the economic starting state of the Czech Republic. This is followed by the list of economic events and political measures that formed the final shape of public funds. Furthermore there is carried out the analysis of state budget development. Subject of the analysis is the extent and structure of both revenue and expenditure side of the state budget, budget balance and the government debt. Part of this thesis is also the analysis of development of macroeconomic indicators, specifically it is the GDP growth, unemployment rate and inflow of foreign funds. In the conclusion of the diploma thesis there is the successfulness of examined budget and fiscal policy evaluated and there are drawn some suggestions for the field of public funds in the coming years.
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The application of ethical principles in relation to clients in social institutions run by church organizations or non-church organizations
CHMELOVÁ, Pavla
This thesis deals with the application of ethical principles in social work and comparing denominational and non-denominational social facilities. Great emphasis is put on the relationship between social worker and client. It is divided into a total of 6 chapters. The first chapter deals with the explanation of basic ethical concepts related to the work, which makes an easier reference to the following chapters. The second chapter involves the division of church and non-church organizations concerned with social care and describes their organizational structure and comparison. The third chapter is devoted to human rights, along with a related code of ethics and its importance as well as criticism. The fourth chapter refers to the values in social work and the values in the relationships between social workers and clients. The fifth chapter defines the concept of quality of life, human dignity and the related social work. The final chapter about the relationship of man to himself, to the client and the Christian concept of man.
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Important factors for development of primary school children
CHMELOVÁ, Pavla
The work describes important factors for development of primary school children and deals with socialization of children of school age, development of cognitive processes and also describes a social development of these children. The work continues with the chapter of emotional development, interests of children and then there is an important factor which is family. The last the part of my work contains theoretic information about the influence of the media over children of school age and present life situation of families. The practical part is devoted to secondary analyse of information from research which is included in three parts: The relation of children and money, the relation of children and parents towards the television and internet and the approach of the parents to the present school. There is also a discussion compared with theoretical and practical parts, which is resulting in chosen research.
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REFORM OF THE TAX AND SOCIAL SYSTEM IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC IN 2007 AND ITS IMPACTS
Chmelová, Pavla ; Zeman, Karel (advisor) ; Vebrová, Ludmila (referee)
The bachelor thesis will deal with the partial reforms of public finance in the Czech republic pursued in 2007. I chose this topic because of its currentness and because during the economic crisis reforms are more important. Theoretical part will generally describe the public finance issue, its revenues and expenditures and the budget deficit emerging as a result of their divergence. There will be stated the different views of the economic theories on the budget deficit as well. The next part will deal with the tax theories. The last theoretical base will be the public choice theory, which explains the behaviour of the politicans and the voters. The analytical part will be brought up with the state of the public finance in the Czech republic before the implementation of the reforms, there will be analyzed revenues and expenditures of the public budget and the dimension of its deficit. Then there will be examined constituent partial reforms in the tax and social realm and the state of the public finance after the reform. The aim of the thesis is the analysis of the reasons that called for the reform of the public finance in the Czech republic working on the analysis of the state of the public finance before the reforms and sum up whether the expected outcome was accomplished. There will be analyzed the impacts on the taxpayers, the simplification of the tax system and the employment.
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