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Fracture toughness and damage mechanisms of intermetalic based on TiAl
Dlouhý, Ivo ; Chlup, Zdeněk ; Hadraba, Hynek ; Kozák, Vladislav
The paper concentrates on the analysis of the role of microstructure in fracture behaviour of TiAl intermetalics at room and elevated temperatures. Tensile properties, flexural strength and fracture toughness have been evaluated for alloys Ti-40Al-2Cr-2Nb-1B and Ti-46Al-0,7Cr-0,1Si-7Nb-0,2Ni. Positive effect of Nb on fracture resistance has been found; fracture toughness of the high Nb alloy increased at contemporary increase of tensile and flexural strength. Fracture surfaces have been evaluated using scanning electron microscopy showing the key role of mechanical twinning in deformation of both alloys followed. As a governing mechanism of the crack nucleation a microcrack formation at boundaries between mechanical twins and gama-TiAl grains has been confirmed. Extensive development of shear ligament toughening was observed supplying quite good values of fracture toughness in high niobium alloy.
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Tensile testing of high porous ceramic materials
Řehořek, Lukáš ; Chlup, Zdeněk ; Dlouhý, Ivo
In last years cellular materials are getting to focus of an interest in a number of industrial applications and science fields. These materials are often used for filtration of different mediums or in aerospace industry and even in tissue engineering. Hence, there is effort to understand and describe mechanical and physical properties of these materials. While behaviour of these materials in compression is well understand and published, tensile tests are not so frequent and concerning ceramic cellular materials they are highly rare. The methodology of evaluation of tensile properties of model ceramic open-pore foam material VUKAPOR((R))A used like filters in metallurgy was developed. This methodology is based on fixation of ceramic foam sample by specialised resin to a holder. Homogenous transfer of forces is ensured by this technique. Specimens of two sizes – 10x10x30mm and 15x15x40mm were tested. Ceramic foams with two pore densities – 10 PPI and 60 PPI have been investigated.
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Crack propagation in ceramics laminates with strongly bonded interfaces
Hadraba, Hynek ; Chlup, Zdeněk ; Maca, K. ; Bermejo, R.
Crack propagation through layered composites based on Al2O3 and ZrO2 was studied. The strongly bonded laminates with single-component layers and laminates with two-component layers were prepared via electrophoretic deposition and slip casting respectively. Laminates of different pre-defined thicknesses and composition contained different magnitudes of residual stress. Cracks, produced by an indentation technique, propagated towards layer interfaces deflected towards the interface in the compressed layers and away from the interface in the layers containing tension stress. Changes in the direction of crack propagation were described for the whole range of angles of incidence (0° - 90°). The biggest change in the crack propagation was observed, irrespective of the magnitude of residual stress in the layers.
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Crack propagation in strongly bonded Al2O3/ZrO2 laminates
Hadraba, Hynek ; Chlup, Zdeněk ; Maca, K. ; Bermejo, R.
Crack propagation through layered composites based on Al2O3 and ZrO2 was studied. The strongly bonded laminates with single-component layers (A/Z) and laminates with two-component (AtZ/AmZ) layers were prepared via electrophoretic deposition and slip casting respectively. Laminates of different pre-defined thicknesses and composition contained different magnitudes of residual stress. Cracks, produced by an indentation technique, propagated in direction to layer interfaces deflected towards the interface in the compressed layers and away from the interface in the layers containing tension stress. Changes in the direction of crack propagation for the whole range of angles of incidence (0° - 90°) were described. The biggest change in the crack propagation was observed for the angle of incidence 45° for A/Z systems and 32.5° for AtZ/AmZ systems and was ca. 15° and 20° respectively. The change in the crack propagation was independent on magnitude of residual stress in the layers.
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Zacelování povrchových trhlin u nanokompozitní keramiky typu Al2O3/SiC
Flašar, Petr ; Dlouhý, Ivo ; Chlup, Zdeněk ; Ando, K.
Indentation strength and self-crack-healing ability were systematically studied using beams containing a semi-elliptical surface crack made by Vickers indentor. Beams of Al2O3/SiC ceramic nanocomposite with a good self-crack-healing ability predetermined for four-point and three-point bending test were prepared by ceramographics techniques. Flexural strength and fracture toughness were determined using three- and four-point bend method. Thermal aging at 1573 K for 1h was applied to heal the samples with indentation pre-cracking. Fractographical analyses using an optical and/or scanning electron microscopy has been carried out to investigate the surface crack behaviour. Very good self-crack healing ability has been proved for surface microcracks having length up to 250 μm and depth no higher than 100 μm.
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Sborník semináře KŘEHKÝ LOM
Dlouhý, Ivo ; Chlup, Zdeněk
Contribution presented on one-day workshop paid to problems of mechanisms and mechanics of brittle fracture. Quantitative description of toughness transition behaviour. Problems of constraint indexing parameter and J-integral calculation at elastic plastic behaviour of material. Fracture mikromechanisms and their modelling.
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Micromechanical aspects of constraint effect at brittle fracture initiation
Chlup, Zdeněk ; Dlouhý, Ivo
Cast manganese steel predetermined for container casks of spent nuclear fuel has been tested extensively from the point of view of resistance against brittle fracture. For the fracture toughness evaluation the three-point bend specimens with different crack length (varying a/W ratio > 0,5; 0,2; 0,1) and with the same ligament below the crack tip have been used. Stress distributions below crack tip have been calculated by finite elements method (ABAQUS code) for each specimen geometry separately. Modification has been introduced into calculation taking into account specific material behaviour.
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Master curve evaluation at static and dynamic conditions of loading (for cast ferritic steel and pressure vessel steels)
Dlouhý, Ivo ; Chlup, Zdeněk ; Holzmann, Miloslav
Various aspects of the master curve methodology have been investigated experimentally based on data obtained with different pressure vessel and container steel. A manganese cast steel has been utilised being considered for storage containers of spent nuclear fuel. Two locations of a segment of container cask, surface and midthickness, have been followed. Some results obtained with the RPV steel of VVER 1000 type and CrMo pressure vessel steel used in petrochemical applications have also been exploited. The applied mechanical testing procedures included: Standard fracture toughness tests at different temperatures using 1T bend specimen in order to determine fracture toughness - temperature diagrams, dynamic fracture toughness has been tested by using hydraulic test machine and drop weight tower. Pre-cracked Charpy specimens have also been tested. For each test technique larger sets of data have been generated in order to follow the statistical aspects. The investigations included procedures of reference temperature determination, both by the one and multitemperature methods, and the evaluation of the scale and constraint effects and the effect of loading rate. For static loading the multi- and single temperature methods of reference temperature determination have been tested with the same family of data. The transferability of results received on the small pre-cracked Charpy specimens was analysed and applied with good results.
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