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Study of water flow and geochemical processes in the unsaturated zone of carbonate and salt karst
Kamas, Jiří ; Bruthans, Jiří (advisor) ; Tesař, Miroslav (referee) ; Buzek, František (referee)
Water flow and geochemical processes within the unsaturated zone (UZ) in two distinct types of karst environment were investigated using natural tracers (chemistry, stable isotopes 13 C, 18 O, 2 H, and 3 H, 14 C, 87 Sr/86 Sr). The extent of horizontal flow component and the response of drip water chemistry to recharge events were examined in the Moravian Karst (Czech Republic), while the character of water flow and its chemistry were studied in salt diapirs in southeastern part of the Zagros mountains (Iran). Under the conditions of well-developed epikarst, the horizontal flow component, defined as Hmax/T (Hmax = horizontal migration component, T - thickness of VZ) typically reaches values of 0.1 - 0.6 (Moravian and Slovenian Karst). However, in areas where epikarst was stripped off by glacial or human activity, the proportion of horizontal flow component is far greater (Hmax/T 1.6 - 24). This parameter is vital for the design of water source protection zones above caves. Nitrate mean residence time in 120 m thick VZ of the Moravian karst exceeded 16 years. The VZ above the Ochoz Cave (Moravian Karst) represents a semi-open to open system with respect to soil CO2. Under a high drip rate (high flow), the event water only made 5% of the total. During the year, water degassing and so called prior...
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Flow and mean residence time in karst unsaturated zone (Ochoz Cave, Moravian Karst)
Vysoká, Helena ; Bruthans, Jiří (advisor) ; Buzek, František (referee) ; Tesař, Miroslav (referee)
Flow and mean residence time in epikarst and unsaturated zone was studied above the Ochoz cave in the Moravian Karst. I studied various flow components with different residence time in unsaturated zone and the influence of soil and epikarst on seepage composition and residence time by means of several methods (longterm monitoring of conductivity, flowrate of seepage and soil water, use of environmental tracers - 18 O, 3 H, CFC and SF6, flow into the soil and detailed sampling during intesive rain events). Seepage sites Kašna in the Rudické propadání cave system and Mapa Republiky in Býčí skála were reference localities in unsaturated zone. For comparison I modeled residence time in saturated zone: at Kaprálka outlet close to the Ochoz cave, at Stará řeka (Rudické propadání) and Konstantní přítok (Amatérská cave). Mean residence time in unsaturated zone above the Ochoz cave reaches 7 - 20 years, while it is only few months in the soil (1 - 8 months, depending on the depth). At Kašna seepage site, the reasidence time is similar to the Ochoz cave - about 18 - 20 years, at Mapa republiky seepage site, it reaches 150s year due to unusual geological settings. Mean residence time in order of 10 - 20 years corresponds to storativity values (0.6 % in average) calculated from parallel water level recession...
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Using environmental tracers and other methods to estimate mean residence time and water flow in karst areas, Czech Republic
Bruthans, Jiří ; Krásný, Jiří (advisor) ; Bosák, Pavel (referee) ; Buzek, František (referee) ; Grmela, Arnošt (referee)
5. CONCLUSTON -Springs in 9 se|ected areas Were studied. Areas difÍer in geo|ogy (|itho|ogy, tectonics, intensity of metamorphism), recharge intensity (móuntainous coniřa lowland areas) and intensity of karst development differing by climatic conditions, geology -Concentrated recharge is only minor importance in most of areas compared to diffuse recharge -Most of the springs (90%) show predominant infiltration during last two decades with minor content (0-30%) of water infi|trated in sixties and sevénties of the twentieth century (based on tritium content). Analysis of lBO variations in spring water indicate that contribution of short residence time component (MRT in weekš to months) is about 5-20o/o of the spring yield -These numbers are similar or somewhat lower to results of MRT studies in other karst areas in the world (mostly vast carbonate bodies), which show mean residence time of water in karst aquifers to be from several years to hundreds of years -Volume of water in catchments of particular springs based on mean yield of spring and mean residence time is in orders of units to tens of millions m3 -|n studied karst areas SFo and CFCs can give re|iab|e resu|ts. |f no data from trítium are available the residence time must be considered as a minimum age. -Mean residence time of water percolating...
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Man as a provider of nursing work
Bůžek, František ; Jirkovský, Daniel (advisor) ; Dorková, Zlatica (referee)
The abstract The aim of the bachelor thesis "Man as a Provider of Nursing Care", whether the men of the general nurse, health care and health care assistant, are concerned with gender stereotypes. The bachelor thesis is divided into the theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part briefly describes the history of the beginnings of nursing, where the role of the carer and caregiver was not as exceptional as today. The following section describes gender stereotypes that concern gender in general and men who work as nurses. The empirical part contains the results of the questionnaire survey, which was carried out by the men of providers - nursing care in the Motol University Hospital.
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Study of water flow and geochemical processes in the unsaturated zone of carbonate and salt karst
Kamas, Jiří ; Bruthans, Jiří (advisor) ; Tesař, Miroslav (referee) ; Buzek, František (referee)
Water flow and geochemical processes within the unsaturated zone (UZ) in two distinct types of karst environment were investigated using natural tracers (chemistry, stable isotopes 13 C, 18 O, 2 H, and 3 H, 14 C, 87 Sr/86 Sr). The extent of horizontal flow component and the response of drip water chemistry to recharge events were examined in the Moravian Karst (Czech Republic), while the character of water flow and its chemistry were studied in salt diapirs in southeastern part of the Zagros mountains (Iran). Under the conditions of well-developed epikarst, the horizontal flow component, defined as Hmax/T (Hmax = horizontal migration component, T - thickness of VZ) typically reaches values of 0.1 - 0.6 (Moravian and Slovenian Karst). However, in areas where epikarst was stripped off by glacial or human activity, the proportion of horizontal flow component is far greater (Hmax/T 1.6 - 24). This parameter is vital for the design of water source protection zones above caves. Nitrate mean residence time in 120 m thick VZ of the Moravian karst exceeded 16 years. The VZ above the Ochoz Cave (Moravian Karst) represents a semi-open to open system with respect to soil CO2. Under a high drip rate (high flow), the event water only made 5% of the total. During the year, water degassing and so called prior...
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The genesis of groundwater composition in deep basin structures on the example of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin and the Eger Rift relationship
Dupalová, Tereza ; Vencelides, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Černík, Miroslav (referee) ; Buzek, František (referee)
This thesis deals with genesis of the Cretaceous thermal waters in the Ústí nad Labem. These thermal waters are interesting in that are very different from other Cretaceous thermal waters, which also appear in Benešov-Ústí aquifer system of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin in Děčín. Thermal waters in the Ústí nad Labem area more than chalk waters resemble the thermal waters in Teplice, which are associated with body of Teplice rhyolite. Many authors studied thermal waters in the Ústí nad Labem, but isotope analysis and inverse geochemical modeling were not used for their study. Results based on water chemistry, water D and 18 O, 87 Sr/86 Sr ratios, and dissolved sulfate 34 S and 18 O values, indicate mixing of ground water from aquifers of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin with ground water derived from crystalline rocks of the Erzgebirge Mts. Unlike thermal waters in Děčín are Ca-HCO3 type (160 mg/L), in Ústí nad Labem there are two types of thermal waters, Na-HCO3 type with higher TDS values (over 1 g/L) and Na-(Ca)-HCO3-SO4 type with lower TDS values (approximately 600 mg/L). Carbon isotope data and speciation and inverse geochemical modeling suggest a significant input of endogenous CO2 at Ústí nad Labem. Besides CO2 input, both silicate dissolution and cation exchange coupled with dissolution of...
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Flow and mean residence time in karst unsaturated zone (Ochoz Cave, Moravian Karst)
Vysoká, Helena ; Bruthans, Jiří (advisor) ; Buzek, František (referee) ; Tesař, Miroslav (referee)
Flow and mean residence time in epikarst and unsaturated zone was studied above the Ochoz cave in the Moravian Karst. I studied various flow components with different residence time in unsaturated zone and the influence of soil and epikarst on seepage composition and residence time by means of several methods (longterm monitoring of conductivity, flowrate of seepage and soil water, use of environmental tracers - 18 O, 3 H, CFC and SF6, flow into the soil and detailed sampling during intesive rain events). Seepage sites Kašna in the Rudické propadání cave system and Mapa Republiky in Býčí skála were reference localities in unsaturated zone. For comparison I modeled residence time in saturated zone: at Kaprálka outlet close to the Ochoz cave, at Stará řeka (Rudické propadání) and Konstantní přítok (Amatérská cave). Mean residence time in unsaturated zone above the Ochoz cave reaches 7 - 20 years, while it is only few months in the soil (1 - 8 months, depending on the depth). At Kašna seepage site, the reasidence time is similar to the Ochoz cave - about 18 - 20 years, at Mapa republiky seepage site, it reaches 150s year due to unusual geological settings. Mean residence time in order of 10 - 20 years corresponds to storativity values (0.6 % in average) calculated from parallel water level recession...
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Characterization of karst conduits and flow: Use of tracer tests, recession curves and autocorrelation
Vojtěchová, Anna ; Bruthans, Jiří (advisor) ; Buzek, František (referee) ; Tesař, Miroslav (referee)
5. CONCLUSION In frame of present PhD Theses I performed 8 new quantitative tracer tests and processed 26 of quantitative tracer tests realized in different karst areas of the Czech Republic. Calculations of conduit volume based on tracer breakthrough curve was compared with the real volume of the phreatic loop. The best results were obtained for mean transit time, where tracer-test calculations yielded volumes very similar to the volume obtained by direct filling of the loop. It demonstrates that volume estimation by tracer tests may be quite precise for common natural conduits, but results are strongly affected by the breakthrough-curve parameter chosen by the experimenter. .Spring and river flow hydrographs were studied by tools of statistical mathematics such analyses of recession curves, curves of exceeding and autocorrelation function applied on 77 objects (karst and non-karst springs, resurgences and streams). Ratio of maximum to average discharge is between 1.6 and 65. In general lower values belong to spring hydrographs and higher to superficial streams. There is no possibility to determine origin of the spring (karst spring, non-karst spring, karst spring fed by with sinking streams, karst spring fed by autochthonous recharge only. Coefficients of recession curves were calculated. For every...
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