National Repository of Grey Literature 51 records found  1 - 10nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.01 seconds. 
Integrated multi-omics analysis of chemical signaling in wild rodents
Matějková, Tereza ; Stopka, Pavel (advisor) ; Macholán, Miloš (referee) ; Bryja, Josef (referee)
Symbiotic bacteria living with the host in so-called microbiomes have been one of the significant pillars of all aspects of animal evolution, chemical communication included. However, the phenotype, genotype, and microbiome of laboratory animals kept for generations in sterile conditions changed from their wild ancestors leading to profound differences in the laboratory results and the reality of wild animals. To describe the chemical communication in neglected wild rodents, this thesis focuses on the body parts involved in chemical communication (i.e. mouth, vagina, and intestines) and are also inhabited by microbiomes that produce metabolites with the capability of transmitting chemical signals. Using next-generation sequencing and state-of-the-art proteome and metabolome chromatography-mass spectrometry, this thesis covers the analysis of changes in the microbiome, proteome, and metabolome of wild mice in the context of transferring the wild individuals into the captivity, cohousing wild, and laboratory animals and hormonal changes during the estrous cycles. Moreover, this thesis describes and discusses the differences and similarities in the microbiome, proteome, and metabolome on the level of different species (Apodemus sp.), subspecies (Mus musculus domesticus vs. musculus), and environment...
Recently active L1 and B1 retrotransposons in the mouse genome
Janoušek, Václav ; Munclinger, Pavel (advisor) ; Bryja, Josef (referee)
The work focuses on two recently active retrotransposon families in the house mouse genome. They are L1 and B1 retrotransposons. The aim of the work was to find polymorphic retrotransposon insertions caused by their recent activity. Two genomes of mouse inbred strains derived from the different house mouse subspecies were compared. The BACends from MSM/Ms derived from M. m. molossinus were compared with the reference genome of C57BL/6J derived mostly from M. m. domesticus. The set of output insertions was classified into several subfamilies of B1 a L1 families. The presence/absence of these insertions was tested using PCR in all three house mouse subspecies and also in two sister species (M. spretus and M. macedonicus). The particular subfamilies differed with regard to presence in latter species. Despite the supposed lack of activity of older L1 families (F2 and F3) they persist in house mouse population as an ancestral polymorphism. Unlike L1 subfamilies, B1 subfamilies appear to be active in house mouse genome for longer period of time. Also the difference between the whole families L1 and B1was observed. Thus, according to my data L1 family seems to be recently more active than B1 family.
Genetická struktura mediteránních populací kaloně Rousettus aegyptiacus
Marešová, Tereza ; Hulva, Pavel (advisor) ; Bryja, Josef (referee)
5 Abstract The genus Rousettus represents the only fruit bat genus distributed both in Asia and Africa reaching northern distributional limits of the Pteropodidae family. This unusual distribution pattern is related to the ability of echolocation, subsequent cave dwelling and probably other thermoregulatory and behavioural adaptations to relatively cold and dry climate. Methods for identification of genetically discrete populations were used in the presented study to acquire better comprehension of historical ways of colonization along with current dispersal and migratory patterns of the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) in the Mediterranean basin and adjacent range patches. Modern approaches to population and landscape genetics were applied on a dataset comprising 553 individuals from 72 localities using 20 nuclear microsatellites. Our results revealed a significant genetic distance of East African individuals and certain substructure in the northern part of the range. Cypriot population is clearly separated, and - for higher K - the isolation of colonies from Egyptian oases is highly supported. Genetic proximity of south Arabian and Sinai populations contradict current taxonomy of the species. Our findings highlight the role of seas and deserts as barriers restricting gene flow and the evolution...
Hybrid origin of beavers in Central Europe
Albrechtová, Alena ; Munclinger, Pavel (advisor) ; Bryja, Josef (referee)
The aim of the master diploma work is to investigate origin of Czech populations and genetic variability of almost all Eurasian populations of the European beaver (Castor fiber). For our purposes we collected specimens from Czech populations, reintroduced population in Kirov district in Russia and all European and Asian refugia. At the end of the 19th century the species was on the verge of extinction due to overhunting, surviving only in eight isolated refugial areas. The population size at the end of the 19th century was estimated as 1 200 animals. The number of individuals has increased thanks to the legal protection and reintroductions. The current population size is estimated at 640 000. It is obvious that the populations of beaver have recently undergone severe bottleneck. Beaver was completely extirpated in the Czech Republic in the 18th century. Since the 80th of the 20th century beavers re-established in the Czech Republic due to migration from neighbouring countries and reintroduction programmes, however we knew only little about the origin of beavers in the Czech Republic. I showed that our beavers are derived from individuals in France, Germany, Norway and east Europe. Mitochondrial DNA of Castor canadensis has not been found in Czech beavers. I studied microsatellite loci (first use for...
Regulatory mechanisms of WNT signalling
Pospíchalová, Vendula ; Kořínek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Trka, Jan (referee) ; Bryja, Josef (referee)
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