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Growth models and the Environmental Kuznets curve
Tvarůžek, Ladislav ; Brůha, Jan (advisor) ; Kolouchová, Petra (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on an analysis of the impact of economic growth on the environment. The first part shortly introduces the history of macroeconomic models incorporating environmental constraints to analyse, then, assumptions, behaviour and implications of the three pre-selected models. The following section deals with the theory of the Environmental Kuznets Curve and offers the assessment of current explanations, empirics and possible shortcomings. The final part connects the findings of previous chapters in order to construct computer simulations whose goal is to predict the development of the environment in the given model.
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Revealed preferences for outdoor recreation in natural areas - Czech and European perspective
Kaprová, Kateřina ; Melichar, Jan (advisor) ; Brůha, Jan (referee) ; Šauer, Petr (referee)
K. Kaprová (2019): Revealed preferences for outdoor recreation in natural areas - Czech and European perspective Abstract of the Doctoral Dissertation The dissertation thesis focuses on the investigation and synthesis of recreation welfare benefits associated with natural areas in the Czech Republic and in Europe. The dissertation thesis consists of five case studies. These represent various geographic levels of analysis: the level of one single recreation locality, the national level that takes into account large natural recreation sites in the Czech Republic (including protected areas), and a synthesis of results of studies on the European level. The methodological approach is based on the theory of environmental economics and employs non-market valuation techniques based on methods of revealed preferences, namely the hedonic pricing method and two types of travel cost modelling. In Study I, we examine how the presence and characteristics of urban greenery affect property prices in Prague. The results confirm that proximity to greenery and its area are important determinants of housing prices in Prague, which means that residents realize the positive values provided by urban greenery, including recreational ecosystem service. Benefits to residents differ with the type of greenery. Urban forests have the...
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Three essays on Policy Evaluation and Analysis
Kopečná, Vědunka ; Baxa, Jaromír (advisor) ; Steininger, Karl (referee) ; Brůha, Jan (referee) ; Janda, Karel (referee)
Three essays on policy evaluation and analysis Author Mgr. Vědunka Kopečná Year 2021 Advisor PhDr. Jaromír Baxa, Ph.D. No. of pages 164 This thesis consists of three articles sharing the main theme - evaluation of policies related to current issues both from micro and macroeconomic perspectives. The dissertation aims at the central European region. The first article presents a novel methodology of a hybrid dynamic computable general equilibrium model used to quantify socio-economic impacts of an emission abatement driven policy focused on adoption of electric vehicles in personal transport on the example of Austria. Heterogeneous micro-founded preferences are integrated into a dynamic computational general equilibrium model which is further linked to a bottom-up technology-rich electricity model and a stock-flow vehicle accounting model. Endogenously determined emissions from vehicle use, electricity generation, and production provide an input to quantify external costs attributable to air quality and carbon emissions using the Impact Pathway Analysis. The second article estimates the elasticity of substitution between capital, labour, energy and materials in the constant elasticity of substitution production function, which is being used in a majority of general equilibrium models. We use a non-linear...
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The Dynamic CGE Model and Analysis of Impacts of Environmental Policy
Píša, Vítězslav ; Brůha, Jan (advisor) ; Tonner, Jaromir (referee) ; Smeets Křístková, Zuzana (referee)
The thesis evaluates three revenue neutral mixes of political measures aimed at the support of utilization of biofuels in the Czech Republic. The dynamic computable general equilibrium model with three aggregated sectors and two types of households is applied for evaluation of relevant environmental and economic impacts. The hypothetic price subsidy of utilization of energy biomass in production of the first generation biofuels fulfilling sustainability criteria is chosen as the basic supportive tool. The revenue neutrality is satisfied via adequate increase in tax rates in three different alternative scenarios (via labor tax, motor fuel tax, and standard value added tax). The results indicate that at the current price level of crude oil even relatively high level of price subsidy is not sufficient in fulfilling the emission and biofuel share targets presumed by European Commission. Therefore, for attaining the biofuel share target high percentage first generation biofuels and second and third generation biofuels have to be utilized. Furthermore, for the fulfilling of emission targets other alternative fuels have to be utilized as well. The results finally reveal that environmentally most efficient mix is the price subsidy compensated via an increase in the motor fuel tax, economically most...
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Relevance of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes as a Prognostic Factors at Patients With Portal Vein Embolisation (PVE) and Patinets With PVE and Administration of Autologous Stem Cells
Brůha, Jan ; Třeška, Vladislav (advisor) ; Gürlich, Robert (referee) ; Šubrt, Zdeněk (referee)
Relevance of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes as a prognostic factors in patients with portal vein embolisation (PVE) and patients with PVE and administration of autologous stem cells Background: low future liver remnant volume (FLRV) is the cause of why 75% of patients with colorectal liver metastases (CLM) are primarily inoperable. Portal vein embolisation (PVE) helps to increase FLRV and so increase the operability. But PVE fails in almost 40 % of patients. Usage of stem cells (SCs) could be the way how to support the effect of PVE. Currently, there are studies of interactions of the immune system and malignancies. We do not know about papers focused on relations of the immune system and CLM in patients treated by PVE. There were not described interactions of ABC transporters and CLM at patients after PVE was performed too. Aims: the aim of this dissertation was to verify the effect of PVE and intraportal administration of SCs on the growth of FLRV and progression of the CLM. Other aims were to evaluate the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, ABCC10 and ABCC11 transportes in patients treated by surgery for CLM after PVE and their clinical relevances. Methods: intraportal administration of SCs after PVE and their effect was explored in a group of 63 patients (43 patients with PVE alone, 20 in the group PVE with...
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House Prices and Household Consumption: the case of the Czech Republic
Brůha, Jan ; Hlaváček, Michal ; Komárek, Luboš
In this paper, we investigate whether movements in property prices have detectable effects on Czech households’ consumption and saving decisions. We concentrate on three episodes of movements in house and apartment prices and ask whether property owners have significantly different consumption and saving choices from households living in rented properties. We found that, on average, property owners tend to have a lower propensity to consume and a higher saving rate independently of whether property prices move up or down. This casts doubts on the strength of the collateral channel linking the housing market to the macroeconomy in the Czech Republic.
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An empirical analysis of macroeconomic resilience: the case of the great recession in the European Union
Brůha, Jan ; Babecká Kucharčuková, Oxana
In this paper, we analyse macroeconomic developments in European economies since the Great Recession. We present evidence that macroeconomic developments in the EU countries can be classified into latent classes. Countries in a given class exhibit a similar pattern of economic and labour market developments during and after the crisis. We then present evidence that the latent classes of countries differ in terms of quality of institutions and regulation. Based on this, we conclude that quality of institutions and regulation are crucial for the resilience of countries to shocks. The most important country characteristics associated with a quick recovery after the initial shock are low protection of temporary contracts, political stability, regulatory quality and pre-crisis fiscal space. On the other hand, other types of employment protection and generosity of unemployment benefits seem to not influence resilience.
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Understanding rating movements in euro area countries
Brůha, Jan ; Karber, Moritz ; Pierluigi, Beatrice ; Setzer, Ralph
This paper investigates the link between sovereign ratings and macroeconomic fundamentals for a group of euro area countries that recorded rating downgrades during the euro area sovereign debt crisis. We apply an elaborated econometric estimation technique, based on a Bayesian ordered probit model, to understand how the decisions of rating agencies can be explained by economic developments. The estimated model reproduces historical ratings by using a small number of economic and institutional variables which seem to effectively summarize the large number of criteria used by Moody’s, Standard and Poor’s and Fitch in their assignment of sovereign ratings. Our results suggest that the size of the downgrades observed since the start of the sovereign crisis has been broadly in line with the deterioration of economic fundamentals for most countries.
Fulltext: PDF
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Revealed preferences for outdoor recreation in natural areas - Czech and European perspective
Kaprová, Kateřina ; Melichar, Jan (advisor) ; Brůha, Jan (referee) ; Šauer, Petr (referee)
K. Kaprová (2019): Revealed preferences for outdoor recreation in natural areas - Czech and European perspective Abstract of the Doctoral Dissertation The dissertation thesis focuses on the investigation and synthesis of recreation welfare benefits associated with natural areas in the Czech Republic and in Europe. The dissertation thesis consists of five case studies. These represent various geographic levels of analysis: the level of one single recreation locality, the national level that takes into account large natural recreation sites in the Czech Republic (including protected areas), and a synthesis of results of studies on the European level. The methodological approach is based on the theory of environmental economics and employs non-market valuation techniques based on methods of revealed preferences, namely the hedonic pricing method and two types of travel cost modelling. In Study I, we examine how the presence and characteristics of urban greenery affect property prices in Prague. The results confirm that proximity to greenery and its area are important determinants of housing prices in Prague, which means that residents realize the positive values provided by urban greenery, including recreational ecosystem service. Benefits to residents differ with the type of greenery. Urban forests have the...
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Relevance of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes as a Prognostic Factors at Patients With Portal Vein Embolisation (PVE) and Patinets With PVE and Administration of Autologous Stem Cells
Brůha, Jan ; Třeška, Vladislav (advisor) ; Gürlich, Robert (referee) ; Šubrt, Zdeněk (referee)
Relevance of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes as a prognostic factors in patients with portal vein embolisation (PVE) and patients with PVE and administration of autologous stem cells Background: low future liver remnant volume (FLRV) is the cause of why 75% of patients with colorectal liver metastases (CLM) are primarily inoperable. Portal vein embolisation (PVE) helps to increase FLRV and so increase the operability. But PVE fails in almost 40 % of patients. Usage of stem cells (SCs) could be the way how to support the effect of PVE. Currently, there are studies of interactions of the immune system and malignancies. We do not know about papers focused on relations of the immune system and CLM in patients treated by PVE. There were not described interactions of ABC transporters and CLM at patients after PVE was performed too. Aims: the aim of this dissertation was to verify the effect of PVE and intraportal administration of SCs on the growth of FLRV and progression of the CLM. Other aims were to evaluate the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, ABCC10 and ABCC11 transportes in patients treated by surgery for CLM after PVE and their clinical relevances. Methods: intraportal administration of SCs after PVE and their effect was explored in a group of 63 patients (43 patients with PVE alone, 20 in the group PVE with...
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