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The social representation of the theory of attachement in an intercultural dimension
Jardin Kocourek, Renata ; Gillernová, Ilona (advisor) ; Šírová, Eva (referee) ; Boukalová, Hedvika (referee)
in English The doctor's thesis Attachment and emotional intelligence in an intercultural dimension is composed of several levels. The theoretical part explains the history and development of the theory of attachment based on the authors John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. Further the concept of the theory of attachment throughout the developmental stages up to early adulthood is explored and actual studies are presented. The goal of the theoretical part is to show the connection between the theory of attachment and emotional intelligence and underline the importance of these concepts for adolescence and early adulthood. The uniqueness of this study is the intercultural frame: three different cultures, France, USA and Czech Republic that have a contrastingly different approach of early childhood and motherhood. The aim of this doctoral thesis is on one hand side to capture the actual social representation of motherhood and further explore the possible interference between attachment and emotional intelligence in adolescence and early childhood. The methodological part is based on two different types of scientific research: data analysis and statistical analysis. The data analysis has examined a large amount of data regarding the change of the social representation and value of motherhood today. For this...
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Facial Recognition in Intercultural Context: An Other-Ethnicity Effect Meta-Analysis
Kroufek, Marek ; Boukalová, Hedvika (advisor) ; Lukavský, Jiří (referee)
This thesis focuses on primarily on other-race effect as a particular psychological phenomenon intercepting face recognition process. In its theoretical part, it subsequently compiles main theoretical models and approaches that attempts to explain other-race effect. A peculiar focus is given to its developmental perspective. The empirical part consists of a meta- analytical study observing other-race effect in children. First it compiles previous meta-analyses concerning other-race effect and after that a proper meta-analysis is conducted. The current meta-analysis contains data from 22 articles (72 samples, n = 3784) and tests following hypotheses: (a) existence of other-race effect in children; (b) increase in bias following age; (c) indication of the critical period in face recognition; (d) relationship between other-race effect and belonging to an ethnic majority within population; (e) global trend in other-race effect over the time. The meta-analysis confirms size effect of middle range and fits results into the theoretical framework. Key words: other-race effect, face recognition, meta-analysis, children
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Psychological Factors of Dying of a Close Person in Young Adults
Pikola, Michal ; Boukalová, Hedvika (advisor) ; Šporclová, Veronika (referee)
Almost everybody at some point in life experiences the event of a dying of a close person. It presents the perspective of the end of existence, which is often difficult to relate to. That is understandable, because a living person typically doesn't want to imagine their own death - nonetheless, it seems to be important to be able to accept death and dying as a closing period of life. Theoretical section of the thesis characterizes phenomena of death and dying and their psychological context, as well as e.g. mourning. Next, palliative care is described as a field, which sees death and dying or care for the dying and their close persons respectively as its main area of focus. Lastly, the theoretical section analyzes wellbeing and coping strategies in relation to death and dying as extraordinary situations, in which all sorts of effects and processes occur that influence these psychological characteristics. Empirical section focuses on connecting wellbeing and coping strategies to the process of dying of a close person in young adults. Members of this age group usually already have several distinct experiences with dying and death of a close person, them being relatives or other close persons. Results of the study showed a wide scale of used coping strategies, as well as the fact that circumstances...
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Parental alienation as self-defense response of a child
Rovná, Jana ; Boukalová, Hedvika (advisor) ; Tichotová, Sylvie (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the phenomenon of Parental alienation (PA), known also as Parental alienation syndrom, or Syndrom zavrženého rodiče in Czech. The literature review section first starts with an overview of the general problem of contact rejection, outlines both pathological and non-pathological causes and suggests possible solutions for some situations. The next section summarizes current knowledge about the phenomenon of PA. It discusses the evolution and different perspectives on the issue. The paper focuses on typical circumstances and related subliminal processes taking place in cases of PA, which may shed light on the specifics of this controversial issue. Particular attention is also paid to the long-term links between alienating behaviour and PA. A qualitative research design is proposed with aim to gain a deeper understanding of the experiences of adults who have experienced PA in their childhood or adolescence. Klíčová slova Parental alienation; parental alienation syndrom; contact refusal; emotional abuse; pathogenic family dynamic; self-defense response
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Sexual violence against men - specifics and coping strategies
Matějová, Markéta ; Boukalová, Hedvika (advisor) ; Lexová, Eliška (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with sexual violence against men, its specifics and coping strategies used by victims after victimization. There are not many publications on this issue in the Czech environment. The focus of the thesis on coping strategies also provides suggestions for good practice with male victims. The literature review part deals mainly with male victims of sexual violence and their victimization. It points out the same or similar aspects male victims share with female victims of sexual violence and then highlights the specificities of male victims such as demasculinisation or the stigma of non-heterosexuality. This is followed by a section describing coping strategies and their gender differences. Attention is then focused on findings from previous studies on coping strategies in male victims of sexual violence. The practical part of the bachelor thesis presents a qualitative research proposal based on the existing knowledge and the need to explore this issue in the Czech environment. The research takes the form of semi-structured interviews that would be recorded, subsequently transcribed and openly, axially, and selectively coded. The main contribution of this research would be to explore the situation and specifics of sexual violence against men in the Czech Republic. However,...
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Self-control and morality and their role in the dynamics of juvenile delinquency
Sekretová, Klára ; Boukalová, Hedvika (advisor) ; Mudrák, Jiří (referee)
How are morality, self-control, and adolescent crime rates related? Based on the current state of knowledge, morality and self-control are important predictors of criminal behaviour, and their interaction is crucial (assumptions of the Situational Action Theory and partially General Theory of Crime). This thesis aims to test the abovementioned relationships among adolescents in the Czech Republic and further examine hypotheses aimed at better understanding the relationship between the structure of moral foundations (Moral Foundations Theory) to self-control and crime. Based on a questionnaire survey of 110 adolescents (15-25 years old) in the Czech Republic, the hypotheses that adolescents with higher levels of morality and self-control are less likely to commit a crime and that the so-called "individualising" moral motive is related to higher levels of self- control and lower rates of crime were supported. The result of this study is that when the adolescent's morality is high, he or she does not "need" self-control not to commit a crime; on the contrary, when the adolescent's level of morality is low, self-control plays an important role. Keywords Situational Action Theory, moral foundations, interaction
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The Importance of Grandparents' Role in the Context of Parental Divorce
Skalická, Tereza ; Boukalová, Hedvika (advisor) ; Maulisová, Alice (referee)
This bachelor work is focused on the influence of grandparents in families during parental separation. The literary review part is focused on the development of divorce rate in the Czech Republic and in the European Union, provides possible explanations of such tendencies and presents an overview of post-divorce arrangements of child custody in the Czech Republic. It is also spoken about the negative impacts of the parental divorce on the child. Special focus is paid to the conflict as the main predictor of bad adaptation on the divorce. The central point of this work is the topic of grandparenting, we also talk about the role of grandparents, how it is perceived by researchers. Furthermore, it is focused on the factors which can have influence on the perception of the grandparental role and the manner of its realization. All of this is assessed in connection to the post-divorce parental situation, special focus is devoted to the positive impacts of the grandparental influence on the parents and the grandchildren after the parental divorce. In the empirical part, a qualitative research is designed, which goal is to gain a deeper understanding of the roles which can be played by Czech grandparents in situations of parental divorce and include how can they influence parents and grandchildren.
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Recognition-decision-making strategies and socio-cognitive mechanisms applied in the identification process
Trojanová, Hana ; Boukalová, Hedvika (advisor) ; Blatný, Marek (referee) ; Spurný, Joža (referee)
The main topic of this dissertation is the forensic method of lineups. This issue is approached mainly from the perspective of social and forensic psychology. The main goal is to describe decision-making strategies and socio-cognitive mechanisms applied in the identification process. The theoretical part deals with identification processes based on memory, social cognition in the context of lineups, and variables that most often appear in forensic-psychological research focused on eyewitness testimony. These variables are divided into two basic areas - variables that cannot be controlled in advance (estimator variables - on the witness, offender and circumstances side) and variables that can be controlled (known as system variables). The experimental part presents two main researches corresponding to the above-mentioned areas of variables. The first research focuses on the witness and his/her decision-making processes as a variable that cannot be controlled in advance. The results of the research confirmed the assumption that respondents using absolute judgment were more accurate and faster in their identification than those with relative judgment. The second research is focused on the creation of fair lineups, as a possible controllable variable. We evaluated the lineups created by experts from...
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Identification of emotional expression with a focus on the comparison of deaf, hearing and hearing-impaired
Doubková, Alžběta ; Boukalová, Hedvika (advisor) ; Čáp, David (referee)
This thesis is focused on the identification of emotional expressions in the human face. The theoretical part includes an introduction to the issue of emotions, the history research on the identification of emotional expressions, the description of the various expressions of basic emotions and their recognition followed with the characteristics of the group of hearing-impaired. In the empirical part the research on the recognition identification of emotions in the face from the portraits is described. The aim of this thesis is to compare the accuracy of identification of emotional expressions among the groups of hearing, deaf and hard of hearing, and their development across all age categories. In my research I focus on the seven basic emotions (fear, anger, sadness, surprise, hapiness, disgust and contempt) and one social emotions (shame). The research did not confirm my assumptions. No statistically significant difference among the three groups in the overall identification of emotional expression was proved. The only difference was in the recognition of disgust which resulted in favor of the hearing. In the general comparison of ages between the hearing impaired (the deaf and the hard of hearing together) any significant differences were not discovered, either. Nevertheless, within each age...
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Causes of increased risk of drug abuse in adolescents
Rychnovská, Simona ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Boukalová, Hedvika (referee)
This work deals with the problem of drug use among adolescent populations. The aim is to find out what the risk of excessive drug use causes. The focus is based on the increasing in drug-dependent adolescents in the Czech Republic and the need to systematically address this issue. In our country, there is research that primarily aims to warn children and adolescents from using drugs. In my work I deal why pubescent and adolescence decide to try the drug and continue to use it as a solution to their problems. The work consists of five chapters. The first chapter is devoted to the period of adolescence, the definition of the developmental period of time from the perspective of different theories. The second chapter deals with changes in puberty and adolescence. First, it is focusing on the biological changes, then the psychological and social. The third chapter is devoted to drug use and its consequences, including a description of the physical and psychological dependence. Also in this chapter are discussed in more detail the effects of the most commonly used drugs in the Czech Republic. The fourth chapter contains a summary of the causes of drug use in adolescence. The last chapter is devoted to the prevention and rehabilitation of the individual. The work also includes a proposal for a research...
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