|
|
Assessment of variability of the facial shape in Czech population
Šmahelová, Dana ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Blažek, Vladimír (referee)
Human face is one of the elements in which humans' variability and individuality is reflected. This is especially due to a face variability of shape. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate variability of human's face and its sexual dimorphism. The base for the study is a set of 50 females with average age 21,6 and 50 males with average age 21,1. The data set was processed using the methods of geometric morphometrics. The main outcome is an average surface model of males and females which could be used in biomedical and forensic antropology. In this data set, variability of face is set by differences of size, height and width including characteristics which shows significant sexual dimorphism. The male's forhead is slighlty arched with markedly developed superciliary and the area of glabella. There is deeper position of eyes in an eye socket. Males are also likely to have a wide and flat nose with sharper transition of frontal bone (os frontale) into nasal bones (os nasale). Generally, males have bigger and relativelly more narrow face with slightly prominent zygomatic bones (os zygomaticum). Males also have less volume of face soft tissues. On the other hand, males have more massive area of low face with more highlihted musculature around oral cavity which become into a wide prominent chin. Key...
|
|
|
Perceiving of hierarchical rank and mate preference in humans
Chmelíková, Kateřina ; Jozífková, Eva (advisor) ; Blažek, Vladimír (referee)
Distinguished ways are used to measure hierarchical rank between partners in surveys. Aim of this thesis was to study preference for partner of particular hierarchical rank towards respondent 1) according to rating of photographs, 2) according to respondent's ideas about his/her future partnership organization, 3) according to respondent's natural tendency to lead or to yield, and to compare these ways of preference assessment. Questionnaires from 95 female university students aged to 25 years inc. were processed. Respondents, who claimed they will submit their partner or they will take turns in subordination with their partner half and half, were more submissive in ordinary life than respondents, who claimed they will be equal to their partner. Expected connection between idea about future partnership organization or submissiveness in ordinary life and choice of photograph depicting figurant with particular signs of nonverbal dominance was not found. Nevertheless, differences in choices of photographs were found between females using hormonal contraceptives and females not using any hormonal contraceptives. Key words: mate-choice, dominance, submissiveness, attractiveness.
|
|
|
The influence of oral hormonal contraceptive use on female sexuality: the evolutionary perspective
Klapilová, Kateřina ; Weiss, Petr (advisor) ; Procházka, Ivo (referee) ; Blažek, Vladimír (referee)
The proposed thesis is comprised of eleven papers connected by the employment of the evolutionary psychological approach in research on various aspects of human sexuality. The aim of the first monothematic part is to demonstrate the evolutionary-psychological approach to one recent phenomenon in female sexuality - the use of oral contraceptives (OC). OC use has been shown to suppress psychological mechanisms that are considered to be adaptive in the fertile period of the natural menstrual cycle. In particular, OC users' ratings of male stimuli that provide the cues of genetic quality and compatibility are lower in comparison with normally cycling women. Moreover, the increase in sexual desire and in the prevalence of proceptive behaviour observed during mid-cycle in normally cycling women is diminished. However, the impact of this phenomenon on mate-choice and relationship dynamics in an ecological context has not been studied. In the first study, we have analyzed the data of Czech women obtained via representative sampling within the Czech National Survey of Sexual Behavior. Results indicated that normally cycling women had a significantly higher number of one-night stands during the last year in comparison to OC users even when living in a long-term relationship. OC usage was also shown to have...
|
|
| |
|
|
Stabilized operation of a 110 kV power line
Leinweber, Luboš ; Špaček, Jaroslav (referee) ; Blažek, Vladimír (advisor)
My work is dealing with parameters long high voltage (vvn)110kV with wanted output parameters(voltage rating , cos , aktive power and size of power line) namely in theoretic part as well as in practic part , which I made from required parameter values of power line concretely by direct-axis reactance and shunt admittance. At first I did the approximate calculation by reserve T-networks ( T , , , Steinmetz), by short T-network , idle T-networks and after that I made perfect conclusion and elaboration by the help of lines. I described these kind of calculation in the theoretic part. I compared the results and I determinated which method was te best.
|
|
| |
|
|
Relationship between male facial morphology and assessments of fighting ability
Třebický, Vít ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Stirratt, Michael (referee) ; Blažek, Vladimír (referee)
Social interactions may sometimes collide and result in conflicts which can be solved among others by means of physical violence. However, physical confrontations entail a risk of injuries and other fitness-affecting consequences. Thus, it seems likely that cognitive and behavioural processes to assess the fighting ability may have evolved by means of natural selection. This would facilitate adaptive decisions and responses to decrease costs and increase benefits from potential confrontations. Behavioural characteristics are often assessed according to physical traits such as facial appearance. People are relatively accurate in attributions of certain characteristics from facial traits, like physical strength or propensity for aggression. However, previous research was not based on data about actual fighting ability. Therefore, we conducted a series of empirical studies testing perception of formidability, accuracy of the perception and attempted to identify facial morphological traits related to the assessments and actual fighting performance. To test these issues, we employed Mixed Martial Arts contestants and used their record of victories and defeats. The results of our first study revealed that people are indeed able to relatively accurately assess the fighting ability of others. The fighting...
|
|
|
Age estimation on the basis of morphological development of children face: mathematical modeling
Kočandrlová, Karolina ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Blažek, Vladimír (referee)
This thesis was focused on the evaluation of facial morphology and growth changes of the children face from 3 to 6 years based on longitudinal data. Facial growth and shape changes, variability and sexual dimorphism of face were observed based on 3D facial models of 14 girls and 12 boys. The 3D scanning took place annually, there were 85 3D facial models altogether. We used the geometric morphometric methods, more precisely Coherent Point Drift - Dense Correspondance Analysis, Per Vertex T-Test and Principal Component Analysis, to analyse facial models. Superimposed colour-coded maps were used to quantify differences of average shells and shell distance significance maps were used to visualise statically significant differences. The most intensive facial growth changes were seen between 4 and 5 years in girls and between 5 and 6 years in boys. As a result of growth and ageing changes, the orbital, nasal and labial areas and chin were enlarged and forehead and buccal region were expanded. As a result of shape and ageing changes, orbital, nasal and labial areas and chin became more prominent and forehead and buccal region gradually narrowed. The ageing trajectories did not differ in direction in both sexes, but showed slightly more intensive growth and shape changes in girls. From 3 to 6 years it was...
|
|
|
From the facial reconstruction based on the skull to the identification of the individual: demands, principles, problems
Moštková, Miroslava ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Blažek, Vladimír (referee)
Facial reconstruction based on the skull is a technique allowing recreation of the original facial features of an individual. However, recreation of the exact look is nearly impossible at this time. Facial reconstruction is used during archaeological research or during investigation of forensic cases. The facial reconstruction methods used are morphoscopic, morphometric, or a combination of the two. They are used during a manual and computerized process to create two dimensional or three-dimensional reconstruction of the individual. Accuracy and reliability can be determined with each one of these methods by quantitative and qualitative measurements. Reliability and accuracy of the facial reconstruction should also be considered from a view of the facial perception. The human face is perceived in a holistic-analytical way which is based on a calculation of the distances between different features. Facial reconstruction is based on the recognition of familiar faces that are perceived on the basis of internal features that are not influenced by differences in the view angle or expression. Unfamiliar faces are perceived on the basis of from external features. Faces with significant facial features are identified faster. Facial features can be organized by the significance of their influence for recognition of...
|
|
|
Morphological changes of adult human face during aging
Čiháková, Lucie ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Blažek, Vladimír (referee)
Processes of biological changes of organism over time distinctly manifest themselves in a face morphology. The present study age changes are observed as shape and size changes of transversal dates of surface 3D virtual models of faces of 443 women and men (22-88 years old) devided into six age groups in decade. Differences in faces among each age group with respect to the sex were investigated and a sexual dimorphism and its gradual progress with the age using methods of geometric morphometrics (coherent point drift - dense correspondence algorithm, principal component analysis, per vertex t-test, shell-to-shell deviation). A significant difference among age categories was observedd both in shape as well as in form of the face. The faces of women and men were becoming wider with age and convexity was decreasing at the same time. A decline of the whole forehead and of the profile of the men's nose was observed, whereas the women's foreheadwas getting bevel due to the decline of the top part and a profile of the nose wasn't changed with the age. On contrary, the men's chin was unvarying with the age, while the women's chin was sliding out foward. There was observed a distinct decline in the front part of a upper jaw with the both sex. It was found out that after the seventh life decade the face gets...
|
guest ::
RSS feed.