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Pelvic asymmetry in relation to the human reproduction
Kodytková, Aneta ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Bigoni, Lucie (referee)
This diploma thesis deals primarily with the existence of the asymmetry of the bony pelvis and the sexual dimorphism of the asymmetry of the pelvic canal, which is caused by different reproductive functions of each of the sexes. Furthermore, the correlation or linear dependence of the external pelvic and pelvic canal dimensions was investigated. The study uses 3D pelvic models created in Avizo 7.1 from CT images of the recent French population. The material consists of 74 probands, of which 36 are males and 38 are females. The models were digitalized using Viewbox 4 software, in which 29 landmarks were applied to each pelvic model. These correspond to 24 dimensions divided into three groups: the size of the non-canal pelvis, the dimensions of the pelvic canal and the dimensions for calculating the correlation between the non-canal pelvis and the pelvic canal. The degree of asymmetry was evaluated using the formulas for the calculation of directorial (DA) and absolute (AA) asymmetry. Student's paired t-test was used for statistical analysis of asymmetry to determine asymmetry in previous studies. Gender differences were determined by the Mann-Whitney U test. At the same time, an analysis using the mixed model ANOVA was also performed, which in addition incorporates an intraobservation measurement...
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Sexual dimorphism of the skull and its changes during senescence
Fleischmannová, Nikola ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Bigoni, Lucie (referee)
The thesis deals with the influence of age changes on the expression of sexual dimorphism of the skull of individuals in the Czech population. Thesis follow the previous study of Musilová and colleagues (2016) that reveals a significant reduction of size and shape sexual dimorphism in French population. It is important to verify this trend on multipopulation data because of the significant effect of population affinity on manifestation of sex-specific craniofacial traits. Incorrect sex classification could affect the remaining parameters forming the individual's biological profile. Large-scale data of the heads of the Czech population obtained by computer tomography were analyzed, and only exocranial surfaces were subsequently isolated. The group consisted of 142 individuals, of whom 59 were women aged 21 to 85 years. Men were represented by 83 individuals in the age range of 21 to 87 years. Significant sexual dimorphism was identified in all age categories in the form and shape of the skull and was concentrated in the area of the superciliary arches and glabela, the zygomatic arches, mastoid process and protuberantia occipitalis externa. With increasing age, there was a decrease in sexual dimorphism due to shape changes, not size changes, in the area of the superciliary arches, the root of the...
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Development of neurocranium in children with deformational plagiocephaly:influence of therapy using cranial orthosis
Forinová, Michala ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Bigoni, Lucie (referee)
Deformational plagiocephaly represent a positional deformity, that is the most frequent abnormality of misshapen head presenting at an early age. It is accepted as clinical insignificant finding with possible unfavourable superficial effect. Its increased incidence is associated with recommendation of supine sleep position as a prevention of sudden infant death. The most common therapy for correction of this asymmetry is conservative treatment in the form of rehabilitation and regime arrangement and in the case of failure the application of cranial orthoses. The main aim of the thesis was to evaluate the growth of neurocranium during the orthotic treatment. The partial aim was to describe the shape of neurocranium in early postnatal ontogenesis in healthy infants. Two cohorts are analyzed in this thesis. The first group are patients (n = 22; patients), who underwent orthotic therapy. The second, control group (n = 26; control group) includes individuals without diagnosed deformational plagiocephaly. The results of orthotic treatment (patients) were evaluated using geometric morphometry methods based on 3D scans. Both sets were evaluated using classical morphometry. The work demonstrates the positive effect of treatment of deformational plagiocephaly using cranial orthoses ("helmet"). Using of...
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Monitoring of the relationship between the asymmetry of facial skeleton and the soft tissues based on computed tomography
Skryjová, Zuzana ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Bigoni, Lucie (referee)
The human face is not perfectly symmetrical, slight asymmetries commonly occur in every individual across all populations. The aim of the work was to monitor the asymmetry on the entire surface of the soft and hard tissues of the heads of individuals with respect to age and sexual dimorphism. The follow-up goal was then to evaluate the difference in asymmetry between the tissues. The material for the work was a transverse set of CT images of the adult Czech population in the age range of 21-84 years. Individuals were divided according to gender into 50 men and 48 women and according to age into groups up to 39 years, 40-59 years and over 60 years. Geometric morphometry methods (CPD - DCA, asymmetry analysis, per vertex T-test, superprojection methods) were used for data analysis. The results were visualized using color maps and significance maps that show asymmetry and statistical significance. The variability of the file was analyzed by principal component analysis. The results of the evaluation of hard tissues showed a right protrusion on the anterior and lateral surfaces of the skull, in both men and women at all age intervals. This asymmetry was statistically very significant, in contrast to the posterior region, which was evaluated protrusion on the left side and had lower p-value. On the soft...
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Development of neurocranium in children with deformational plagiocephaly:influence of therapy using cranial orthosis
Forinová, Michala ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Bigoni, Lucie (referee)
Deformational plagiocephaly represent a positional deformity, that is the most frequent abnormality of misshapen head presenting at an early age. It is accepted as clinical insignificant finding with possible unfavourable superficial effect. Its increased incidence is associated with recommendation of supine sleep position as a prevention of sudden infant death. The most common therapy for correction of this asymmetry is conservative treatment in the form of rehabilitation and regime arrangement and in the case of failure the application of cranial orthoses. The main aim of the thesis was to evaluate the growth of neurocranium during the orthotic treatment. The partial aim was to describe the shape of neurocranium in early postnatal ontogenesis in healthy infants. Two cohorts are analyzed in this thesis. The first group are patients (n = 22; patients), who underwent orthotic therapy. The second, control group (n = 26; control group) includes individuals without diagnosed deformational plagiocephaly. The results of orthotic treatment (patients) were evaluated using geometric morphometry methods based on 3D scans. Both sets were evaluated using classical morphometry. The work demonstrates the positive effect of treatment of deformational plagiocephaly using cranial orthoses ("helmet"). Using of...
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Sexual dimorphism of the skull and its changes during senescence
Fleischmannová, Nikola ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Bigoni, Lucie (referee)
The thesis deals with the influence of age changes on the expression of sexual dimorphism of the skull of individuals in the Czech population. Thesis follow the previous study of Musilová and colleagues (2016) that reveals a significant reduction of size and shape sexual dimorphism in French population. It is important to verify this trend on multipopulation data because of the significant effect of population affinity on manifestation of sex-specific craniofacial traits. Incorrect sex classification could affect the remaining parameters forming the individual's biological profile. Large-scale data of the heads of the Czech population obtained by computer tomography were analyzed, and only exocranial surfaces were subsequently isolated. The group consisted of 142 individuals, of whom 59 were women aged 21 to 85 years. Men were represented by 83 individuals in the age range of 21 to 87 years. Significant sexual dimorphism was identified in all age categories in the form and shape of the skull and was concentrated in the area of the superciliary arches and glabela, the zygomatic arches, mastoid process and protuberantia occipitalis externa. With increasing age, there was a decrease in sexual dimorphism due to shape changes, not size changes, in the area of the superciliary arches, the root of the...
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Pelvic asymmetry in relation to the human reproduction
Kodytková, Aneta ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Bigoni, Lucie (referee)
This diploma thesis deals primarily with the existence of the asymmetry of the bony pelvis and the sexual dimorphism of the asymmetry of the pelvic canal, which is caused by different reproductive functions of each of the sexes. Furthermore, the correlation or linear dependence of the external pelvic and pelvic canal dimensions was investigated. The study uses 3D pelvic models created in Avizo 7.1 from CT images of the recent French population. The material consists of 74 probands, of which 36 are males and 38 are females. The models were digitalized using Viewbox 4 software, in which 29 landmarks were applied to each pelvic model. These correspond to 24 dimensions divided into three groups: the size of the non-canal pelvis, the dimensions of the pelvic canal and the dimensions for calculating the correlation between the non-canal pelvis and the pelvic canal. The degree of asymmetry was evaluated using the formulas for the calculation of directorial (DA) and absolute (AA) asymmetry. Student's paired t-test was used for statistical analysis of asymmetry to determine asymmetry in previous studies. Gender differences were determined by the Mann-Whitney U test. At the same time, an analysis using the mixed model ANOVA was also performed, which in addition incorporates an intraobservation measurement...
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Sexual dimorphism and skull morphology with regard to the social structure of the Great Moravian burial area Mikulčice
Rieger, Vojtěch ; Bejdová, Šárka (advisor) ; Bigoni, Lucie (referee)
1 Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the influence of gender and socio-economic affinity on skull morphology in the population of Slavs from early medieval settlement Mikulčice. Mikulčice was the power center of Great Moravia with a hierarchically structured society. For a better understanding of historical relationships in the society at the time, it is important to identify individuals and classify them in the appropriate social group. There have been previously identified morphological differences of the skull between the inhabitants buried in the Mikulčice castle and those buried in the sub-castle area. These differences were related to the different living conditions based on the social status of the individuals buried in the castle and sub-castle area. This thesis studies whether there is a similar link between the individual's socio-economic affinity and the wealth of items found in graves. Furthermore, the influence of locality and burial equipment on skull morphology is compared with each other. Within the groups defined in this way, sexual dimorphism is also described, whose degree of manifestation, among other things, is related to the suitability of the external environment and is thus a convenient anthropological marker. A total of 89 individuals (40 women and 49 males) aged 20 to 60 years...
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Sex classification using external and internal morphology of frontal bone: application in forensic science and bioarcheology
Čechová, Markéta ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Bigoni, Lucie (referee)
This master's work was focused on the assessment of sexual dimorphism of external and internal morphology of frontal bone. Sexual diagnosis based on external surface of frontal bones and volume and surface of frontal sinuses was carried out using geometric morphometrics methods. Our approach used anonimized CT scans of 103 skulls from recent Czech population, from which 3D models of frontal bones and frontal sinuses were created. At first the analysis was aimed at studying form and shape of external surface of frontal bone. Our methodology is based on the work of Musilová et al. (2016) that estimates sex using exocranial surface of the entire skull. We analyzed variability and tested differences in males and females frontal bones. The main target of this work was sex classification. The highest success rate acquired 86,41 % with the first 20 main components of form. The following part of this study was focused on sex estimation using the methodology developed by Bulut et al. (2016), which was applied in Turkish population. This method classified Czech males and females with accuracy 70,87 %. In order to complete sex determination based on the frontal bone we also used classification of the radius of the frontal bone curvature with success rate of 77,66 %. The attention was also paid to studying...
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Neurocranial asymmetry from normal shape to pathology
Forinová, Michala ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Bigoni, Lucie (referee)
Neurocranial asymmetry from normal shape to pathology Abstract: The bachelor thesis deals with the most frequent asymmetry of human skull - deformational plagiocephaly. Deformational (positional) plagiocephaly is the deformity of the skull, which is casued by external forces on developing, little rigid, skull of infants. An increased incidence of this deformity was noticed after 1992, when American Academy of Pediatrics marked supine position as the most safe sleeping position for infants, which decreases risk of Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). This thesis includes the context of this deformity such as the correct development of the skull, craniosynostosis or torticollis. Craniosynostosis, caused by premature fusion of suture, can lead to similiar resulting shape of the skull. To differentiate craniosynostosis from deformities caused by external forces is very important from the point of clinial view - craniosynostosis can lead to increasing of intracranial pressure and other complications. Expansion of deformational plagiocephaly can be connected in some cases with torticollis, which leads to asymmetrical posture of a head and following confirmation.
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