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Gold nano systems for the detection of molecules using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)
Benešová, Markéta ; Bernatová,, Silvie (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
This diploma thesis was focused on the production and use of gold nanosystems to enhance Raman scattering. Metal nanoparticles, when interacting with electromagnetic radiation, form so-called localized plasmons, which can enhance Raman scattering. SERS (surface-enhanced Raman scattering) is a non-destructive analytical technique used in this work to measure the concentration and chemical changes in the rhodamine B molecule. Rhodamine B was subjected to photocatalytic degradation using two types of photocatalysts before measurement: TiO2-(H) and TiO2-(H)-Ag. The quantitative dependence of rhodamine B photodegradation on the presence of photocatalysts in a given period time was sought using photodegradation processes. The results of measurements using the SERS method were compared with the results obtained by UV-VIS spectroscopy. From the measured data, it was found that the photocatalysts significantly accelerate the photodegradation processes, because the Raman signal of rhodamine B decreased, while the signal decrease was most pronounced for the catalyst with added TiO2-(H)-Ag, less prominent but still statistically significant signal decrease was observed for the TiO2-(H) catalyst. In the control sample without the addition of photocatalyst, no decrease in signal was observed. In the next phase of the thesis, a sandwich immunoassay was designed that uses SERS to detect E. coli bacteria or other specific microorganisms in the sample. The first component of the sandwich immunoassay is gold nanoparticles, which carry a so-called Raman reporter, which has a clear Raman response in the spectrum, and gold nanoparticles amplify this signal, and antibodies, thanks to which the particles specifically bind to the microorganism. Another component is either gold layered slides or magnetic nanoparticles, which are modified with antibodies and serve to immobilize microorganisms. This system can be a fast and very accurate way to identify a given microorganism in a sample.
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Determination of drugs by HPLC with different detectors
Benešová, Markéta ; Opatřilová, Radka (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the determination of macrolide antibiotics in wastewater, especially with erythromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin. In this time are these pharmaceuticals prescribed quite frequently. Solid phase extraction (SPE) was used for the isolation and the purification of selected analytes from an aqueous matrix; as the suitable procedure was found the using Oasis HLB cartridges. High performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (HPLC-MS) was optimized for its analysis of selected pharmaceuticals. The optimized method was used for the determination of pharmaceuticals in real water samples, which was taken at the inflow and the outflow of the urban wastewater treatment plant in Brno-Modřice.
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Question of determination of analgetics in waters
Benešová, Markéta ; Lisá, Hana (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The bachelor thesis is focused on the optimization of the method for the determination of analgetics in waters. The aim of this work is to work up the methodical procedure for determination of chosen pharmaceuticals i.e. salicylic acid and naproxen in model water samples. Analytes were isolated by solid phase extraction (SPE); they were identified by high performance liquid chromatography with UV-VIS detection of diode – array type (HPLC – DAD). The optimal method was selected from several verified procedures on the basis of practical experience.
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Preparation of antimicrobial gels with plant extract and oils
Benešová, Markéta ; Hoová, Julie (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
This bachelor thesis was focused on studying antimicrobial effects of natural plant extracts and their subsequent application. The research was mainly focused on the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of plant extracts and liposomal particles with their contents. Theoretical part of thesis was focused on the topic of natural antimicrobial and antioxidant substances, problems with bacterial resistance as well as describing features and attributes of used herbs, and characterization of gels and liposomes. Within the experimental part of thesis, three types of extracts (aquatic, ethanol and oil), prepared from 10 different types of plants, were described. The content of phenolic, flavonoid substances, also antioxidant and antimicrobial activity were then determined. After that, the contents of all extracts were encapsulated into liposomes, and size, stability, encapsulation activity, also antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of those liposomes were determined. The size distribution was wide, but in terms of the measured zeta potential, most of the particles were stable. All prepared extracts and liposomes containing them were tested for their antimicrobial activity. The tests were performed on a gram-positive genus of Micrococcus luteus and a gram-negative type of Serratia marcescens. The most effective oil extracts against both species were eucalyptus and fir, as well as oil extract of cloves, along with aqueous extracts of mustard seeds, cloves and juniper, or ethanol extract of anise which also has high antimicrobial effects. Finally, these extracts and liposomes were applied into the gels, which could be found useful in the pharmaceutical industry, as an alternative to externally used antibiotics, or in the cosmetic industry.
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SERS-TAGS: Selective immobilization and detection of bacteria using specific antibodies and surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Benešová, Markéta ; Bernatová, Silvie ; Samek, Ota ; Pokorná, Zuzana ; Mika, Filip ; Kizovský, Martin ; Pilát, Zdeněk
Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive instrumental analytical technique based on Raman scattering, which is the inelastic scattering of photons that occurs when interacting with electrons in chemical bonds. With the help of Raman spectroscopy, chemical compounds, their mixtures and biological samples, including living organisms, can be analyzed very quickly, non-contactly and non-destructively. The performed measurements can be compared with spectra databases. A problem with Raman spectroscopy is that samples sometimes give a weak signal that is often overlaid by intense fluorescence. SERS (surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy) is used to amplify Raman scattering.
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The Use of Stories in the Language Teaching at the Primary School
Benešová, Marie ; Doležalová, Eliška (advisor) ; Hájková, Eva (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on the use of stories in language teaching in primary school, especially the Czech language. The theoretical part contains basic information about the method of telling stories, storytelling, its possible use in the Czech language and experience with this method in teaching the English language. To work with stories in Czech language classes, the storytelling method is included in the Framework Educational Program for basic education, both in terms of student outcomes and competencies that could be developed in classes using storytelling. The work is devoted to the process of selecting and creating a story, its placement in children's literature and the criteria that should be met for the story to be accepted by pupils. The space is dedicated to the application itself in the teaching unit and to the offer of specific methods and exercises enabling the inclusion of storytelling in teaching. The work deals with the very process of creating a story based on the listed words for the 4th grade, describing the progress of the teaching unit as well as the reaction of the pupils in the lesson, and the preparation of the control test and evaluation. Due to the limited resources regarding the use of storytelling in the teaching of the Czech language, this work could in the...
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Commented translation of selected parts of the drama by the Polish author Dorota Masłowska Bowie w Warszawie
Novotný, Aleš ; Benešová, Michala (advisor) ; Rusin Dybalska, Renata (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the translation of selected scenes from the theater drama Bowie w Warszawie by the Polish author Dorota Masłowska. The aim of the thesis is to describe and present the specifics of the translation of realities and concepts related to the Polish People's Republic. At the same time, the text aims to present to the general public the method of translation work in this case of theater drama and translation work in general. Key words Contemporary Polish drama, Dorota Masłowska, commented translation, figures, ranks, proper names, names
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Initiation sacraments in canonical and liturgical law
BENEŠOVÁ, Marie
The Church sanctifies the world primarily by celebrating the liturgy and administering the sacraments. In the Catholic Church, we distinguish seven sacraments instituted by Jesus Christ. The thesis discusses the so-called initiation sacraments, baptism, confirmation and the Eucharist. Their acceptance is required in the case of repeated reception of the Eucharist for full initiation into the Christian life. The most sublime Eucharist is the source and at the same time the peak of all our actions. The thesis refers to both the biblical/historical roots and particularly to the current canonical and liturgical practice of administering initiation sacraments from the point of view of the canon law of the Latin Church (CIC/1983), the canon law of the churches of the Eastern Rite sui iuris (CCEO), official liturgical books (e.g., General Instruction of the Roman Missal) and other documents of the magisterium and relevant church authority concerning the liturgy.
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Imunogenetické principy reakce mléčné žlázy na patogeny u skotu
Benešová, Magdalena
Bovine mastitis is the most common bovine disease. IR genes (Immune response genes) are used to resist the immune response. The aim of this work is to describe these genes and their role in immune responses. The complexity of immune responses and resistant polygenic features make it difficult to understand all future comers in the mammary gland. The immune responses describe the components of cellular and humoral immunity that are involved in the defense of the mammary gland. Identification of genomic variants associated with resistance is still trying to find and identify other genes that affect mastitis. Whole genome association studies (GWAS), which use SNP fields, are a valuable tool in these studies. This method uses the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of individuals. Thanks to GWAS several candidate genes for bovine mastitis resistance have already been identified.
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Everydayness in teaching regional geography
Benešová, Markéta ; Matějček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Cimová, Tereza (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis is to find out the potential of using the phenomenon of the everydayness in the teaching of regional geography. In the theoretical part, the concept of everydayness is presented from different perspectives, and we further focus on its connection with geography. In the practical part of the diploma thesis, several activities based on the stories of the daily life of the inhabitants of the selected region are put forward and tested in the lesson. The investigation was carried out using qualitative research methods. The source of the data were the notes from the participants' observation conducted during the lesson and the submitted outputs of the students (in the form of worksheets or a short questionnaire). These data were then analyzed, and the results were subjected to a discussion in which they were confronted with the fulfillment of the respective objectives. The conclusion of the thesis contains, among other things, suggestions for further possible geographical research in the field of everydayness. key words: everydayness, regional geography, geography of everyday life, geographic education, qualitative research
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