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ADSORPTION OF ALGAL ORGANIC MATTER PRODUCED BY MICROCYSTIS AERUGINOSA ONTO ACTIVATED CARBON
Krsová, Magdalena ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Benešová, Libuše (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to evaluate the efficiency of two types of granular activated carbon (GAC), Filtrasorb TL 830 and Picabiol 12x40, for the adsorption of cellular peptides with low molecular weight produced by cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa that are hardly removable during the coagulation/flocculation processes. The effect of different carbon properties (surface charge, textural characteristics), peptide properties (molecular size, surface functionality and charge) and solution characteristics (ionic strength and pH value) on the peptide uptake was investigated using laboratory equilibrium and kinetic adsorption experiments. The results showed that adsorption of peptides was influenced by the charge conditions in adsorption system that depend on solution pH. The pH value influences surface charge and the point of zero charge (pHpzc) of GAC as well as dissociation and protonization of peptide functional groups. It was found that efficiency of the peptide adsorption increased with decreasing pH value for both GACs. Under these conditions adsorption was enhanced by attractive electrostatic interactions between GAC surface and peptide functional groups and was also positively influenced by the conformation changes in peptide structure. GAC Picabiol 12x40 showed the total highest...
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Study on the content of hazardous waste in municipal waste in CR
Machová, Daniela ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Černík, Bohumil (referee)
It is quite complicated to evaluate the hazardous waste production and management because the terminology is inconsistent and the legislation differs across countries. This makes it very difficult to compare data among countries and even within the same one. Hence the same data may vary by several tens of percent if they are generated according to different directives. This work deals with evaluation of the production of hazardous waste belonging to the group 20 in Catalogue of wastes. The total production of the hazardous waste from municipalities and citizens (households) is evaluated over a period 2008 - 2011 and the production in the capital city of Prague is for a term of 2006 - 2012. All the types of hazardous waste of the group 20 in Catalogue of wastes cannot be treated individually, due to their high number, and therefore they were arranged into seven groups, which were further processed statistically. The dominant component in both test cases is paint, the total production contains also big amount of electrical waste, fluorescent lamps and batteries. An important part of this work is to compare the composition of household waste originating from three different types of installations - housing estates, mixed and rural. Contrary to my original expectations, the most hazardous waste comes...
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Water quality in the Mastnik catchment area and its influence on Slapy reservoir
Mrkva, Luboš ; Janský, Bohumír (advisor) ; Benešová, Libuše (referee)
Water quality in the Mastnik catchment area and it`s influence on Slapy reservoir Abstract Despite major investments in remediation of waste water and reduction of fertilizers the quality of surface water on small rivers in agricultural and rural regions of the Czech Republic is still very low. Among the problematic rivers is also the river Mastník. This river runs through agricultural area of the Central Bohemian Uplands and as a right-hand side tributary it flows into the Vltava river, in particular to Slapy reservoir. According to the data of concentration of indicators coming from monitored profiles of the State public enterprise Povodí Vltavy which were completed by our own monitoring profile the quality of water has been analyzed. Furthermore, the effect of Mastník on the water quality in Slapy reservoir has been evaluated. It was discovered that the steps that are being taken, mainly construction of sewage treatment plants, are leading to gradual improvement of quality of the surface water. Nowadays the final quality of water is influenced by growing concentration of chlorophyll. This growth is caused by warmer waters and that leads to higher eutrofisation of rivers in the catchment area. The most significant eutrofisation is showing in the creek of Mastník where it's affected by Slapy reservoir. In...
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Quality assessment of biowaste
Karasová, Milada ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Doležalová, Markéta (referee)
Biowaste has recently been the main problem of waste management. The problem lies in biowaste landfill. During its decomposition leads to air pollution and potentially are at risk ground water. This work deals with the quantity and quality of the produced biowaste and biowaste management. Contemporary technologies and pilot projects are also presented. A conclusion includes advices for biowaste management with concideration to the EU Council Directive 1999/31/EC. Keys words: biowaste, quantity of biowaste, biowaste treatment
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Water quality in Prague streams
Krejčová, Lucie ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Tonika, Jaroslav (referee)
This work deals with water quality in five Prague's biggest streams, which are Rokytka, Botič, Litovicko-Šárecký stream, Dalejský stream and Kunratický stream. Water quality can be evaluated on the basis of physico-chemical indicators or biological indicators. In my work I use only physico-chemical indicators to evaluate water quality. In this work I focused mainly on water quality in Kunratický stream which is based on the results of regular monitoring of Lesy hl. m. Praha and also on the basis of my short-term analysis of water from the stream. The main sources of pollution of Kunraticky stream and other streams in Prague are agriculture in the upstream area (source of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds), wastewater (source of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus compounds) and rainwater (source of heavy metals and chlorides). It is evident from the results that these resources have an impact on water quality in streams of Prague. Among the worst indicators of water quality in the Kunratický stream there is mainly aggregate phosphorus, COD and BOD5 and it is similar in other Prague's streams. Prague streams are significantly burdened with heavy metals.
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Ecological evaluation of streams in protected area Křivoklátsko in Directive 2000/60/ES
Kesnerová, Lucie ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Matoušková, Milada (referee)
This thesis deals with the monitoring of water quality and aquatic sediments analysis in the protected area Křivoklátsko. Monitoring was carried out at 16 locations and there were determined 14 physico-chemical parameters . Sediment samples were collected once for the whole period at 14 locations in which was determine the content of metals. In each sediment sample there was analyzed content of selected metals. The results of analysis, water and sediment samples were evaluated according to the Directives and regulations giving limits for water and sediment. Due to the Czech Republic is a member state of the European Union, the state was also evaluated according to Water Framework Directive. Theoretical part of thesis decribes characteristics of metals, their forms in water and soils. This section also contain some informations about water framework directive 2000/60/EC as a great step in a water policy. Moreover there is a short history about development water quality in the Czech Republic. Experimental section contains standards for determining water quality, but indicating in particular the processing of sediment samples from sampling to determine concentrations. The following chapter deals with the evaluation of the results given by legislation - for water to the CSN 75 7221 and Regulation...
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The impact assessment of water treatment plants on water quality in the recipient
Kunert, Michal ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Šťastná, Gabriela (referee)
Watercourses influenced by anthropogenic activity increases in recent years and streams lose their natural character. This situation is critical particularly in small streams with minimal flow rates. The present work deals with the assessment of streams affected by discharges of treated wastewater from small waste water treatment plants. The results showed that in case of average flow in the recipient none of the monitored waste water treatment plants do not negatively affect the stream. Problems can occur when snow melts, when the lower temperature of the flowing water in the wastewater treatment plants negatively affect biological cleaning processes.
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Monitoring of water quality in protected area Křivoklátsko
Koudelová, Jana ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Matějíček, Luboš (referee)
Nowadays, nature is constantly being polluted by anthropogenic activities. All components of the environment should be therefore monitored, including water quality. This paper focuses on surface waters in the Protected Area Křivoklátsko. The main purpose of monitoring is to obtain information about the current state of watercourses compared to the previous period and to determine the degree of purity in accordance with relevant standards. The theoretical part describes the basic information about the site that was the source of the water samples and also a brief history of the water quality assessment in the Czech Republic and worldwide is included. The practical part describes the basic characteristics of the given parameters and their practical determination. This is followed by the evaluation of the measurement results that is arranged in tables according to the legislation (CSN 75 7221). The paper concludes with the evaluation of results of quality monitoring and with comparing the current situation to the previous reporting period at each sampling point. Key words: water quality, chemical composition of water, Křivoklátsko
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Assessment of water quality and physical river habitat chages in the interaction on macroinvertebrates.
Altmann, Martin ; Matoušková, Milada (advisor) ; Benešová, Libuše (referee)
Streams are an important part of the most ecosystems, they help them to maintain their stability and function. They should therefore be the subject of study and especially protection. For their monitoring and assessment of ecological status is increasingly used biomonitoring of benthic fauna, which well reflects the biotic and abiotic conditions in physical habitats of streams. These abiotic conditions of physical habitats which are shaped by physical and chemical factors are the subject of literature search part of this work. The second part is about the research in experimental catchments of Zbytinský brook and Tetřívčí brook, tributaries of headwater Blanice river which springs in the foothills of the Šumava mountain range. The research took place on 5 sampling sites which are different in hydromorphological parameters and rate of human activities impact. There was assessed water quality following the previous research and its relationship with discharge conditions. In the case of Tetřívčí brook, there was also assessed physical habitat and macrozoobenthic community. Zbytinský brook catchment was in the past significantly affected by agricultural activities. The main reach, which flows through Zbytiny village with 300 inhabitants, and its tributaries were meliorated. The only one tributary...
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The study of occurrence, collection and disposal of hazardous waste
Wolf, Adam ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Zimová, Magdalena (referee)
This bachelor thesis provides an overview about the hazardous waste. At the beginning there will be discussed the legislative measures related to hazardous waste management and international cooperation. Following three chapters are dedicated to these hazardous wastes: asbestos waste, sludge from wastewater treatment and ashes from incineration waste. Today forbidden material asbestos occurs in insulation of the old public and industrial buildings. It is essential to prevent release of asbestos fibres. Further currently was proposed several promising processes for treatment of sewage sludge and ashes from incineration waste that management in the Czech Republic overlooks. Presented methods emphasize degradation of hazardous properties from the concerned waste. Thesis shows current occurrence of waste in environment. Main objective is assessment of potential risks for human health or environmental components, consequent from hazardous waste and draw implications for the most effective treatment. A conclusion of literature research summarized advice for treatment of these waste. Key words: hazardous waste, hazardous properties, asbestos containing waste, sludge from wastewater treatment, sewage sludge, waste incineration, bottom and fly ash, vitrification, heavy metals.
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