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Ethics of doctor-patient relationship in dentistry
Pipková, Irena ; Bednář, Miloslav (advisor) ; Bencko, Vladimír (referee) ; Šimek, Jiří (referee)
The work involves comparingethical values in the general population without serious damage to the general health, and in pacients within overal disease where i tis clear that the scale of values of the two groups are different. From futher examinations came some additional insights /see Chapter 4 d/ and chapter 5 work/. Results and conclusions are in line with Anglo-Saxon literature/ European and overseas/ and our own experience with treating pacients. No medical industry can not fully ensure full health of pacients. There is a set of values focused on specific medical professions and their own core values. These parameters set values based on many aspects of professional decision meking. And those serve to assess the pacientś needs. How to treat and the doctorś own medical approach to the pacient with severe overal ilness correspondens to the hierarchy of ethical values in Ozar-Sokol scheme. Proposal of six major ethical values concerning dentistry and access to treatment and justice in distribution and alocation of resources in surgical pacients with variety of serious medical interventions: heart surgery, transplants, etc./ ethical values contribute to the proces of decision- making in case of conflict. Not all Ozar-Sokol scheme recognizes those. From the perspective of pacients with serious...
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Kinetics of selected substances in dermal exposure (Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons)
Kotingová, Lenka ; Fiala, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Bencko, Vladimír (referee) ; Čegan, Alexander (referee)
Kinetics of selected substances in dermal exposure (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) Skin is one of the largest human body organs and its proper functioning is vital for human body. Dermal exposure represents one of the most important pathways of exogenous substances into the body. Data on kinetics of transdermal absorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) have been yet so far insufficient. Present estimates of health risks level connected to dermal exposure to PAHs, are loaded with great deal of uncertainty. The aim of the dissertation thesis was employment and validation of appropriate testing method of transdermal absorption of substances in vitro and the use of this method to obtain new findings on the influence of concentration, dissolvent and form of application, on the measure of dermal absorption of selected PAH representatives. For the testing of transdermal absorption of substances in vitro, the method using static Franz vertical diffusion cell was chosen. As an absorption membrane, full leather of rear surface of the auricle of a domestic pig was used. Content of analytes in samples of receptor fluid was analyzed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC), for which a new methods was developed and...
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Prevention of hepatitis C virus infection among injecting drug users - hepatitis C virus infection treatment rate among injecting drug users, treatment efficacy and related factors on the side of treatment system
Mravčík, Viktor ; Bencko, Vladimír (advisor) ; Němeček, Vratislav (referee) ; Husa, Petr (referee)
Background: Injecting drug users (IDUs) represent considerable group of patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV treatment is an effective tool for reduction of HCV transmissions among IDUs. Nevertheless treatment rate among IDUs is rather insufficient. Treatment uptake, provision and adherence as well as its efficacy in IDUs are determined by number of specific factors. Aims: Mapping an extent of the provision of HCV treatment to IDUs in the Czech Republic, rules and practices for the admission of IDUs into HCV treatment and its provision, describing relevant factors related to drug use. Material and methods: From January to March 2011, a questionnaire survey among centres for treatment of viral hepatitis in the Czech Republic was conducted. 76 identified centres were addressed, of which 45 (59%) responded, and 40 (53%) filled in an online questionnaire. Results: Estimated number of centres treated HCV with combination of pegylated interferon α and ribavirin in the Czech Republic in 2010 was 61, 39 of them treated IDUs. Estimated 780 persons were treated, of whom 370 were (mostly ex-) IDUs. Reported treatment uptake in IDUs was 60% on average (range 0-90%). Treatment is completed by 80% of IDUs on average (0-100%) according to clinicians. Most clinicians reported no difference in the treatment...
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The biomonitoring of the selected biomarkers in the Czech population within the scope of the joined projects COPHES and DEMOCOPHES
Grafnetterová, Anna ; Černá, Milena (advisor) ; Bencko, Vladimír (referee)
Human biomonitoring represents today an important tool for the monitoring of the human beings exposition to the environmental pollutants. COPHES and DEMOICOPHES projects are address to harmonized approach to human biomonitoring within Europe. This process enables receiving comparable data on the international level. Four biomarkers (mercury, cadmium, kotinin and phthalate metabolites) were selected for this pilot study; all of them are extensively monitored at present. 27 European states at all participated in these projects and procedures were tested in 16 countries of the European Union and the Switzerland. Two localities different in the population density - Prague and Liberec were selected for the Czech Republic. Children of age 6 - 11 and their mothers were selected as the sensitive population groups. Samples of biological material (hair and urine) were taken from the representative individuals. 120 pairs of mother - child were involved in the study. Information about participant's alimentation and life style, inhabitation, education, and smoking habits was gained in questioners. Obtained information was joined with results of analyses of biological material and was evaluated statistically. It was found from results that recorded levels of monitored biomarkers do not exceed substantial healthy limits...
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Vztah mezi genetickými polymorfismy DNA reparačních genů a jejich expresí u zdravé populace (s výhledem na stanovení u onkologických pacientů).
Hánová, Monika ; Vodička, Pavel (advisor) ; Bencko, Vladimír (referee) ; Černá, Marie (referee)
DNA damage response is a complex system responsible for protection of a cell against internal and external DNA damaging agents and in maintaining genome integrity. Many of genes participating in DNA damage response pathways are polymorphic. Genetic polymorphisms in coding and regulatory regions may have impact on the function of proteins encoded by the genes. Phenotypic effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is subject of investigation in connection with the ability of a cell to manage genotoxic stress and subsequently, in relation to cancer susceptibility. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the association between SNPs in DNA repair genes (hOGG1, XRCC1, XPC) and cell cycle genes (TP53, p21CDKN1A , BCL2 and BAX) and their mRNA expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes from individuals occupationally exposed to styrene and control individuals. The aim was extended to analyses of relationships between mRNA expression levels of the above-mentioned genes and markers of exposure to styrene (concentration of styrene in blood and in air), markers of DNA damage (single strand breaks - SSBs, and endonuclease III specific sites - Endo III sites) and the base excision repair (BER) capacity, by means of γ-irradiation specific DNA repair rates and oxidative repair. Study on the group of healthy...
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Significance of C-reactive protein determination in clinical preactice
Suchý, Matěj ; Moravík, Ján (advisor) ; Bencko, Vladimír (referee)
My dissertation deals with the significance of C-reactive protein determination in clinical practices. It is divided into three parts. Theorethical part acquaints us with CRP, statistics and statistical methods. Experimental part informs us about the applied machine, data gathering and outcomes valuation procedures.There are results of statistical data processing in the final part of my thesis. CRP was measured with Qucread 101 machine (Oriondignostika) in all cases and biological samples to distinguish between different kinds of infection were collected from all examined patients. I set down all the examination results and patients symptoms into a tab and made statistical data evaluation. The purpose of my work was to find out if CRP level incresed above 50mg/l isdefinitely confirmed by biological samples examination. If we can find possitive cultivation when CRP is lower than 8mg/l and finally to discover the correlation between all investigated atributes. Aftet answering these qeustions we should be able to find out significance of CRP measuring in diagnosis assessment.
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Health Indicators in the Sample of Respondents and Non-respondents of the Questionnaire Study
Šlachtová, Hana ; Černá, Milena (advisor) ; Hnilicová, Helena (referee) ; Bencko, Vladimír (referee) ; Hrubá, Drahoslava (referee)
The aim of the study was to compare files non-respondents and respondents from two surveys in which it was applied the same questionnaire to detect differences in the relationship of health status, lifestyle and socioeconomic status between the two studies and evaluate the impact of low returns on the validity of study results. Results of models with random effects confirmed the homogeneity of the results of both studies for most of the observed relationships. The only significant difference was found between studies in a model of psychological well-being, which was only affected by the economic situation. The source of this difference is a better economic situation of the influence of hindsight both studies. The results showed that despite the different method of distribution and collection of data and return different results are statistically significantly different. This study, along with other literary sources show that the results of investigations with an average return (45-67%) can be considered valid and is not necessary to spend additional funds to increase returns.
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Study of levels of selected toxic and benefit trace elements in human organism
Batáriová, Andrea ; Černá, Milena (advisor) ; Rychlovský, Petr (referee) ; Bencko, Vladimír (referee)
The work is focused on the study of variability in concentration and determination of reference values of selected toxic trace elements and benefitních in the human organism, which are monitored within the CZ-HBM (cadmium, lead, mercury, copper, selenium and zinc). The results shown here are based on concentrations of selected trace elements in blood and urine of adults and children from the locality Benešov, Plzen, Ústí nad Labem and Ždár nad Sázavou for the period 1996 - 2003. These data were processed by descriptive statistics annually. The aim was to undergo a detailed statistical analysis, taking account of indications of donors and children received a questionnaire (age, gender, location, smoking), to assess the development of long-term time series and to establish reference values valid for population groups in the period of time.
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Management of Helicobacter pylori infection and dyspepsia in primary care
Seifert, Bohumil ; Bencko, Vladimír (advisor) ; Holčík, Jan (referee) ; Hep, Aleš (referee)
This thesis is devoted to dyspepsia and Helicobacter pylori infection, both significant issues for primary care. Various epidemiological and clinical studies from primary care are described. Current scientific opinions on dyspepsia and Helicobacter pylori infection important for optimal primary care management are presented. The critical interest of the author is in the severity of complaints and assessment of the individual risk of organic disease in patients presenting dyspepsia in primary care. In another study the author contributes to understanding and mutual cooperation between gastroenterologists and primary care physicians. The thesis concludes with practical guidelines, created as a result of interdisciplinary cooperation..
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A use of epidemiology data for a cancer risk assessment and the recautionary principle
Bencko, Vladimír
The traditional approaches and study designs in cancer epidemiology have not been very successful in identifying and evaluating adequately the potential risk and/or protective factors associated with the disease. The main reasons for the failure are often due to small study sample size, and inadequate exposure information. In this paper, issues and approaches relevant to these two challenges are discussed. Multicentre study is proposed as a way to increase study size and to mitigate criticism about meta-analysis of independent studies. A multicentre study of large cohort or case–control studies also offers an exciting opportunity to study the contribution of epigenetic events that may be associated with life-style and environmental risk factors for human health. Optimizing methods for exposure assessment and how to reduce exposure misclassification represent a difficult component in epidemiology studies. A potentially useful approach for improving exposure estimate is to rely on biomarkers of exposures. An example is provided to demonstrate how biomarkers of exposures could provide valuable information in addition to exposure measurements in traditional epidemiological studies. Finally, it is argued that risk assessment and the precautionary principle should not be viewed as conflicting paradigms but, rather, as a complementary approach for developing appropriate policies to address risks posed by exposure to carcinogens and a wide spectrum of other health hazards.
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