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Fiscal Gains from Extra Investment into Roma Education in the Czech Republic
Kubíková, Marie ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Břízová, Pavla (referee)
The thesis aims at quantifying the potential fiscal gains of an extra investment into Roma education. From the budgetary point of view, it would pay off to invest extra money into Roma children, if it increased future net contributions to the budget. The extra investment into one child could take values up to the average discounted value of future net benefits per person. The net benefits represent the increased net contributions due to a higher level of education. The contribution of the thesis is the estimation of different net contributions of Roma with various educational levels to the national budget in order to encourage the investment into Roma children. Secondly, we estimated the yearly loss of the national budget due to lower education among the Roma. And thirdly, we conducted a survey among the clients of the endowment fund Verda to find the relationship between their education, employment status and other variables.
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Determinants of Technical Efficiency and its Change among Ghanaian Cocoa Farmers
Valenta, David ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Břízová, Pavla (referee)
This thesis analyses determinants of technical efficiency (TE), its change and scale efficiency on an unbalanced panel of more than 700 Ghanaian cocoa farmers collected between 2004 and 2010. Using variable returns to scale data envelopment analysis the TE scores are obtained and the mean TE found is 35.4%. In second stage, random effects Tobit regression is used to investigate the determinants of efficiency and number of significant determinants is found from categories of farmers' characteristics, different technical specifications of the farm, focus on farming, farm management style and investments. Moreover, this thesis contributes to the efficiency debate by researching determinants of efficiency change, finding gender and savings to have significant positive effect among others.
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An Economic Analysis of the Cross-Border Insolvency Proceedings within the context of the Changes of the Council Regulation (EC) No 1346/2000
Juhás, Juraj ; Richter, Tomáš (advisor) ; Břízová, Pavla (referee)
The content of this bachelor thesis is an economic analysis of the cross-border insolvency proceeding held according to the Council regulation (EC) No 1346/2000 on insolvency proceeding and proposals of its amendment. It is focused mainly on changes regarding the possibility to request an opening secondary proceeding and changes regarding the insolvency of groups of companies. A basic framework for evaluation of a profitability of a secondary proceeding opening for a concrete creditor was introduced at the end of the chapter II. It involves three main factors: ratio of relative shares on the realization of debtor assets in the case a secondary proceeding was opened and in the case I was not opened; additional incomes caused by the fact that the debtor assets were administered as a whole (the assets were not liquidated by parts in several parallel insolvency proceedings) and transaction costs. The proposed changes of the cross-border insolvency law in the European Union concerning a limitation of the right to request the opening of a secondary proceeding and obligatory cooperation between proceedings regarding a member of the same group of companies are then evaluated with respect to this basic framework.
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Impact of VAT on income distribution in the Czech Republic
Pokorný, Josef ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Břízová, Pavla (referee)
This thesis researches VAT progressiveness in the Czech Republic using data from the Household Budget Survey. Special attention is given to differences between the life-time and annual incidence perspectives because their dispar- ity is more than crucial. Therefore, an empirical analysis uses both of the two perspectives. Net annual income is used for ranking households in the annual perspective and life-time net income is used for the same purpose in the life-time setting. The life-time income is predicted from age-income profiles, which were estimated with econometric methods. Results confirm theoretical hypothesis that VAT is more regressive in the annual incidence analysis. Moreover, analysis of a time period of 16 years provides informa- tion about development of VAT burden, which grows in time. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Currency separation of Czechoslovakia in 1993 - any lessons for the Euro area?
Husek, Daniel ; Holub, Tomáš (advisor) ; Břízová, Pavla (referee)
This thesis analyses important aspects of the Czechoslovak currency separation, its incentives, technical and organizational solutions and the total expense of the operation. The main contribution of this work is (i) comparing the situation in the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic before the currency separation in 1993 with the situation in Euro area countries after 2008 and describing its similarities, (ii) analytical view of a possible application of the solutions used within the separation of the Czechoslovak currency in the context of the Euro area states, and (iii) discussion about possible gains from leaving the European Monetary Union.
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Impact of the CNB's interventions on the economz and comparison with other countries
Pjontek, Matej ; Hlaváček, Michal (advisor) ; Břízová, Pavla (referee)
This bachelor thesis analyzes influence of foreign exchange intervention of CNB on economy and compare it with influences of foreign exchange intervention of SNB and BOI on their economies. At first, we compare foreign exchange interventions and development of economies (banking sector, foreign trade,...) of Czech Republic, Switzerland and Israel. A hypothesis of efficiency of foreign exchange interventions of CNB, SNB and BOI is tested on specific empirical data. The bachelor thesis describes VAR model for given countries with basic macroeconomic variables (GDP growth, money supply, inflation, interest rate, nominal effective exchange rate and balance of current account of balance of payments). The results of model show on relative efficiency of foreign exchange interventions i.e. SNB mitigated influence of appreciation of CHF, CNB supported GDP growth and BOI increased foreign exchange reserves and supported GDP growth.
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Global Changes in Income Distribution: Causes and Impacts
Jančovič, Pavel ; Cahlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Břízová, Pavla (referee)
Téma bakalárskej práce: Global Changes in Income Distribution: Causes and Impacts Author: Pavel Jančovič Supervisor: doc. Ing. Tomáš Cahlík CSc. Abstract This thesis examines income inequality in the world. The main subject of investigation is the Gini coefficient, which determines the inequality. To measure the Gini coefficient are used different variables that could be empirically influencing. Econometric analysis consists of 34 countries of the world except Africa. Countries are divided into 5 groups. The measured period is between 1991 and 2011.We use the method of least squares, fixed effects and random effects. After performing regressions, results are commented, the best model is chosen, significant and non-significant variables are stated. We test models for heteroscedasticity, first order autocorrelation of the residuals and normality. Afterwards, we point out possible causes of the results. We refer to the countries in which income inequality is not a problem and reduce or stabilize Gini coefficient on low rate. Also we refer to countries, which has rate of the Gini coefficient, or income inequality increased in measured period.
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Education and Crime: A Panel Data Analysis of the Czech Republic
Lin, Hsin-I ; Břízová, Pavla (advisor) ; Hlaváček, Jiří (referee)
This thesis focuses on the relationship between crime and education, as well as macroeconomic and demographic factors such as police efficiency, GDP per capita, employment rate, population density, age and sexual composition of the society. We use the data of fourteen regions of the Czech Republic from 2000 to 2012. First, we apply the fixed-effect model in the data analysis, and further we use GMM for the estimation of new dynamic panel dataset. In addition, taking the possible time effects into account, we also add the time dummies in both regression models. Our finding finds the unexpectedly positive effects of secondary education with A-level exam, GDP per capita and the proportion of population aged 30-59 years old on most of criminal offences. On the other hand, the male ratio in population and the clearance rate are found to influence crimes negatively. Higher education and employment rate are also found to be related negatively with economic crimes. JEL Classification A14, E69, I21, I23, I25, I29, J19, R19 Keywords education, crime, employment, GDP, gender ratio, age, the Czech Republic, panel data, fixed-effect, GMM Author's e-mail cindy1114@livemail.tw Supervisor's e-mail brizova.ies@seznam.cz
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Why should the Czech Republic reform its current policy of financing higher education?
Kadlecová, Pavlína ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (advisor) ; Břízová, Pavla (referee)
The Czech Republic has traditionally financed higher education out of general taxation and in the form of per capita funding. This system has led to inef- ficient allocation of funds, long-term underfunding and decreasing quality of education. We present three alternative financing schemes which rely on larger contribution from students: pure student loan, risk-sharing income-contingent loan and risk-pooling income-contingent loan. By using a theoretical model and calibrating it to the Czech reality, we show that financing schemes have significant impact on higher education participation and the quality of accepted students. While pure loan and risk-pooling induce optimal participation, in- ternational experience suggests that risk-sharing is the more feasible option. Keywords Financing schemes for higher education, tax-subsidy funding, income-contingent loans, higher education participation Author's e-mail kadlecova.paja@gmail.com Supervisor's e-mail gebicka@fsv.cuni.cz Abstrakt Česká republika financuje vysoké školství tradičně ze státního rozpočtu a ve formě dotací na studenta. Tento systém způsobil, že zdroje nejsou alokovány efektivně, vzdělání je dlouhodobě podfinancováno a jeho kvalita se snižuje. Práce se věnuje třem alternativním způsobům financování: prosté...
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The Effect of Taxation on Education in Poor Countries
Vraná, Veronika ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Břízová, Pavla (referee)
Primary education raises not only the welfare of individuals, but society as a whole. Most of the primary education is financed by state, whose main source of revenues is taxes. Therefore, I aim to capture in this thesis the relationship between taxation and primary education outcomes. I expect that with higher taxes, education expenditure will increase, which should improve the outcomes of primary education. I study this relationship using panel data on low- income and middle-income countries. I try to find the best model and I analyse the changes of outcomes caused by different specification or different indicator for education or taxation. The research finds a moderate effect of taxation (especially income taxes) on education. However, the results are not robust to changes of indicator or specification.
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