|
|
The influence of the furnace gas recirculation on characteristic parameters of the combustion process
Macenauerová, Tereza ; Skryja, Pavel (referee) ; Bělohradský, Petr (advisor)
This thesis deals with the evaluation of emissions of NOx and CO formed during the combustion process when the burner utilizing fuel staging and internal flue gas recirculation is used. In the theoretical part the NOx formation mechanisms and methods used to suppress their formation are described. This is followed with the currently valid legislation in the Czech Republic in terms of the emission limits for NOx and CO in stationary sources. In the work, combustion tests were performed at the burners testing facility at UPEI BUT. The tests revealed that the most important parameters, which influence the NOx formation, are fuel staging, increasing combustion air excess and the utilization of new equipment that induces the flue gas to be drawn back into the burner. The equipment is installed in the burner’s air channel. The dependence of flue gas temperature, heat flux to the combustion chamber’s section walls and in-flame temperatures distribution in the horizontal symmetry plane of the combustion chamber on various parameters were investigated. The parameters included the geometry of the equipment for flue gas recirculation, primary/secondary ratio, geometry of nozzles for secondary fuel supply, tangential orientation of these nozzles towards the burner axis, and the excess of combustion air.
|
|
|
Burners for high-temperature industrial applications
Naď, Martin ; Hájek, Zdeněk (referee) ; Bělohradský, Petr (advisor)
The main purpose of the bachelor thesis is the discussion of different types of burners and their components. Emphasis is placed mainly on the combustion process with oxygen content more than 21 % in the combustion air, the so called oxygen-enhanced combustion (OEC). The thesis describes characteristic features, possibilities and appropriateness of its use. Since in handling of oxygen there is a level of risk of injury, the thesis also assesses the safety and risks associated therewith. As the combustion process in terms of OEC is significantly different from the conditions of combustion with the atmospheric air, the thesis analyses the impact of the content of oxygen in atmospheric air on flue gas temperature and fuel consumption.
|
|
|
Waste treatment in the Czech Republic
Janík, Prokop ; Turek, Vojtěch (referee) ; Bělohradský, Petr (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the waste management in the Czech Republic and the possibilities how these wastes can be processed. In present period the waste production is tightly connected with the running of society. Waste and all the problems associated with their production and processing are delicate issue of present period. This is linked to technology developments and environmental quality in this field. Wastes are generated in both production and consumption of each product and conceal large quantity of raw materials and energy. Therefore, the biggest problem lies in finding the way in which energy and these raw materials are recovered and reused.
|
|
|
Air enrichment with highly pure oxygen in combustion processes
Polášek, Kryštof ; Hudák, Igor (referee) ; Bělohradský, Petr (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the oxygen enhanced combustion (OEC). The thesis describes different methods of enriching the combustion process with oxygen, also the advantages and disadvantages of enhancing the combustion are evaluated. The next part contains an overview of the use of OEC in specific industries. Since certain safety precautions must be taken when handling of oxygen, a separate chapter deals with the safety of oxygen enhanced combustion. In the last part of the thesis a simulation of the OEC process in ChemCAD software was carried out. The influence of oxygen concentration in the oxidizing agent on the flue gas volume, temperature, density and viscosity and the concentration of CO2 and H2O in the flue gas was investigated.
|
|
|
Characteristic parameters of oxygen-enhanced combustion process
Hudák, Igor ; Hájek, Zdeněk (referee) ; Bělohradský, Petr (advisor)
Diplomová práce se zabývá spalováním zemního plynu při využití vzduchu s vyšším obsahem kyslíku (21–46 % kyslíku ve spalovacím vzduchu), tzv. kyslíkem obohaceným spalováním (OEC). Technologie OEC nalezla uplatnění v průmyslu, kde se jsou nároky na zvýšenou produktivitu, dosažení vyšší tepelné účinnosti, zlepšení vlastností plamene, snížení náklady, či zlepšení kvality výsledného produktu. Ačkoliv OEC přináší řadu výhod, je nutné zmínit i nevýhody jako: poškození zařízení, nestejnoměrné zahřívání, narušení plamene, zvýšené emise anebo zpětný zášleh plamene. Zkoušky proběhly na zkušebně hořáků, která umožňuje testovat hořáky nejen na plynná a kapalná paliva, ale i hořáky navržené pro kombinované spalování při maximálním výkonu hořáku 1 800 kW. Při zkouškách byl použit plynový „low-NOx“ hořák se stupňovitým přívodem paliva. V diplomové práci je popsán vliv obsahu kyslíku ve spalovacím vzduchu na emise oxidů dusíku (NOx), teplotu plamene, přenos tepla ze spalin do stěn spalovací komory, a také vlastnosti plamene, zvláště pak jeho stabilitu, tvar a rozměry. Zkoušky proběhly při výkonech 300 kW, 500 kW a 750 kW, přičemž pro výkon 750 kW proběhly testy jak při jednostupňové, tak dvoustupňové konfiguraci.
|
|
|
Atomization mechanisms of liquid fuels
Buzík, Jiří ; Bělohradský, Petr (referee) ; Broukal, Jakub (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the atomization of liquid fuels and their atomizers and mechanisms which are concerned in atomization. The main purpose of this thesis is to describe the problems that are connected with the atomization. The author gives information about the primary and secondary decomposition of liquid. One part of the thesis is the software which focuses on the statistic evaluation and comparison of information which are performed by available experiments and numeric calculations.
|
|
|
Utilisation of recycling machines in complex approach to waste treatment
Vlček, Zdeněk ; Turek, Vojtěch (referee) ; Bělohradský, Petr (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with a comprehensive approach to address the waste management system with the use of recycling machines. The work is divided into five chapters. The first chapter deals with waste such as ecological and economic problems. The second chapter examines the basic types of waste recycling. The third chapter concerns the legislation related to the management of waste. The fourth chapter contains a comparison of waste management and other EU countries. The last chapter contains the selected types of machines used in recycling.
|
|
|
The influence of atomizing media on the quality of the combustion of liquid fuels
Bojanovský, Jiří ; Skryja, Pavel (referee) ; Bělohradský, Petr (advisor)
The aim of the present work was to experimentally investigate the influence of atomizing medium on combustion properties of methyl-ester of rapeseed oil. The experiments were carried out in a water-cooled horizontal combustion chamber. The pneumatic atomization using effervescent atomizer was used in test. As atomizing medium compressed air and superheated steam was chosen. The tests were performed at GLR = 15, 20 and 25 %. The experiments were focused on the investigation of the flame characteristics, quality of combustion, emissions, temperature of flue gas, distribution of heat fluxes and stability of combustion. Results revealed that atomization by compressed air is more efficient (approximately by 6 %), on the other hand it leads to higher NO emissions (for 15 mg/mN3 due to higher in-flame temperature).
|
|
|
Design of optimal mixing of large-scale digesters
Bradáč, Antonín ; Bělohradský, Petr (referee) ; Zejda, Vojtěch (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis is an optimal method of mixing of the digester with consideration to the uniform mixing of the whole volume, ensuring the quality process conditions for the anaerobic fermentation and the maximum yield and quality of the produced biogas. First chapters describe the basic design parameters, general calculations and the principles for design of individual types of mixers, supplemented by practical examples of mixing large capacity tanks. The work introduces the problem of sludge formation at the sewage treatment plant with an emphasis on sludge treatment and the processes which take place inside the fermenter. Various types of design of anaerobic sludge stabilization digester were introduced. Also ways of their operation, which are necessary for the quality of the fermentation, were presented. In the next chapters, various ways of mixing high-capacity digester tanks and experience from the operation of selected treatment plants were described. According to the theoretical research part of this thesis, several types of mixing equipment was designed for the experimental digestion tank built at the Institute of Process Engineering which is used for research work with mixers. Measurement of the selected pneumatic mixing method was performed on the experimental tank and the findings were evaluated.
|
|
| |
guest ::
