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Methods for Determination of Characteristic Parameters of Combustion Processes on the Basis of Experiments and Modeling
Bělohradský, Petr ; Klemeš,, Jiří (referee) ; Žitný, Rudolf (referee) ; Stehlík, Petr (advisor)
The present thesis is concerned with methods for determination and modeling of characteristic parameters of combustion of gaseous fuels. The focus is stressed on formation of nitrogen oxides and heat transfer from hot flue gases into combustion chamber’s walls. Experimental work, which is focused on testing of two burners with suppressed formation of nitrogen oxides, is an important part of the thesis. Its aim is to obtain data that is necessary for further processing and modeling. The work presents two methods that may be used in modeling of characteristic combustion parameters, namely the method based on statistical processing of data and the method based on computational fluid dynamics. The approaches are applied to two devices (burner with two-staged fuel supply, burner with two-staged air supply) with the objective to analyze their parameters. First approach covers detailed planning of burner test prior to its own carrying out (definition of the goal of experiment, choice of input factors and response, experimental plan) and subsequent statistical processing of experimental data. On the contrary, CFD approach offers simulations as an alternative option to traditional experimental methods. The simulation of combustion includes building of computational grid, setup of boundary conditions, turbulence model, heat transfer model and chemical kinetics. Results of simulations are compared with experimental measured data.
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Utilisation of recycling machines in complex approach to waste treatment
Černý, Ondřej ; Máša, Vítězslav (referee) ; Bělohradský, Petr (advisor)
The purpose of the thesis is to describe and evaluate a contemporary state of waste management in the Czech Republic in comparison with European Union. One of its goals is to point out permanently increasing amount of waste, which is produced by people. It also analyzes the principle in the area of planning, future processing and utilization of waste material. Then it deals with the specific cases in the waste management system of entrepreneurial entity that was chosen by us, and with the machines including their technical parameters, which this entity disposes at present period with.
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Higher Heating Value of Sewage Sludge
Mikluš, Michal ; Bělohradský, Petr (referee) ; Houdková, Lucie (advisor)
The thesis is focused on problems of thermal treatment of sludge from wastewater treatment plants. The main objective is to establish a formula for calculating higher heating value (HHV) and lower heating value (LHV) of sludge based on its chemical analysis. The work is divided into two main parts: The theoretical part deals with the characteristics of sludge, thermal treatment of sludge, it isn´t omitted higher heating value and lower heating value. The main topic of a practical part is formulation of eguations for HHV and LHV calculation. Chemical analysis of sludge samples were supplied by TÜV NORD Czech s.r.o., together with the values of HHV and LHV. The calculations were verified by the program MINITAB.
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Testing facilities for burner testing
Sobočík, Robert ; Hájek, Zdeněk (referee) ; Bělohradský, Petr (advisor)
This Bachelor’s thesis is focused on testing facilities intended for burner testing. It deals with a thorough research of accessible material including specialist technical literature and relevant websites in order to gather any available information on current burners and monitor present situation in the market, as well as to provide new information on burner testing facilities and collecting, processing and evaluating the data gained in testing process in Czech and foreign companies.
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Utilisation of biomass in the Czech Republic
Galčáková, Alena ; Beňo, Zdeněk (referee) ; Bělohradský, Petr (advisor)
The bachelor’s thesis deals with the issues of biomass utilization in the Czech Republic. The introduction generally summarizes the sources of energy. Next follows the discussion about biomass as one of the alternative source of energy. The main part of the thesis focuses on the facility, namely on the boiler house, which utilizes the biomass as fuel. The facility provides the heat to the major part of town Bystrice nad Pernstejnem with almost nine thousand inhabitants. In the conclusion it is mentioned economical and ecological summary of the boiler house.
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Pollution control strategies and techniques for combustion processes
Kunc, Vlastimil ; Chlápek, Petr (referee) ; Bělohradský, Petr (advisor)
Bachelor’s thesis deals with the problems of combustion process. The work gives the overview and the description of individual design parameters of the combustion facility. The analysis of the influence of design parameters on emissions formation is followed by the description of individual kinds of emissions and their impact on the environment. Next the most used reduction techniques are described. The work is closed by the overview of the emission limits in the Czech Republic.
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Least-Squares Method in System Identification
Matějka, Jiří ; Bělohradský, Petr (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the description of the least squares method and its application in system identification of dynamic processes. It contains mathematical derivation of least squares method and basic principles of system identification. It describes parametrization of an mathematical model of experimental unit for biomass combustion.
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Characteristic parameters of fuel nozzles
Ledererová, Lucie ; Zejda, Vojtěch (referee) ; Bělohradský, Petr (advisor)
Many industrial applications acquire necessary thermal energy through the combustion process. The basic element of each combustion appliance is a burner and one~part~of~it~is a~nozzle system that supplies fuel to a combustion chamber. The geometry of the fuel nozzle significantly affects the intensity of mixing the fuel with the combustion air and thus the stability of the combustion. The main subject of~this diploma thesis is~determination of~velocity coefficients for nozzles with different geometries. The knowledge of~correct values of~velocity coefficients is a key parameter for the design of~the burner and~its subsequent operation. For the calculation of~velocity coefficients, the exit nozzle velocities were used. For chosen nozzles, a~theoretical exit nozzle velocities were calculated. They were compared with the actual exit nozzle velocities, which were measured experimentally using the hot-wire anemometry, and with velocities, which were calculated using the CFD simulation method.
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Methods for the reduction of nitrogen oxides
Šimeček, Radek ; Hudák, Igor (referee) ; Bělohradský, Petr (advisor)
This Bachelor’s thesis deals with methods for the reduction of nitrogen oxides during industrial combustion. In the chapter relating to legislation are summed up the limits for stationary sources of pollution valid in the Czech Republic, further are stated the legislative tools for reducing and monitoring emissions. The next part contains an overview of primary and secondary methods for reducing NOx emissions, including pros and cons of the methods. Finally, a simulation in software ChemCAD is carried out, demonstrating the influence of combustion air temperature and flue gas recirculation on parameters of combustion.
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The influence of operating parameters and construction parameters of the low-NOx burner on characteristic parameters of combustion processes
Nykodým, Jiří ; Hudák, Igor (referee) ; Bělohradský, Petr (advisor)
The main aim of the work was the investigation of the effect of operational parameters of the combustion process (combustion air excess, primary fuel ratio) and burner constructional parameters (the pitch angle of secondary nozzles, tangential orientation of secondary nozzles towards the axis of the burner) on the formation of NOx and CO, flue gas temperature, the shape, dimensions and stability of the flame, in-flame temperatures in the horizontal symmetry plane of the combustion chamber and the amount of heat extracted from the hot combustion gases in the combustion chamber’s shell. Experimental activities were carried out in the laboratory of the Institute of Process and Environmental Engineering, which is focused on burners testing. The combustion tests were performed with the experimental low-NOx type burner, namely the two-gas-staged burner. Mathematical model developed based on the experimental data describes the dependency of NOx on the operating parameters of the combustion process and burner constructional parameters. The model shows that increasing air excess and increasing angle of tangential orientation of the secondary nozzles reduce the formation of NOx. The temperature peaks in the horizontal symmetry plane of the combustion chamber decreases with increasing combustion air excess. The thermal load to the combustion chamber’s wall along the length of the flame was evaluated for selected settings. It was validated that the thermal efficiency of is reduced when higher air excess is used.
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