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The impact of nature on human health and development
Antošová, Eliška ; Vomáčko, Ladislav (advisor) ; Turčová, Ivana (referee)
Title: The Impact of Nature on Human Health and Development Objectives: The main aim of this bachelor thesis was to do a detail research of foreign scientific articles concerning effects of nature on human health and development of individual. Methods: To do the desk research of academic literature, the databases of foreign scientific articles such as PubMed, Medline, Scopus have been used. Results: There are studies which focus on influence of environment on people and examine this influence on three levels: physiological, psychological and cognitive. Results show a potential effect of natural environment on people on all researched levels. Studies describe this effect of environment as restorative and is commonly explained by two major theories: 1) Attention Restoration Theory explains this restorative effect by regeneration of directed attention capacity. 2) Stress Recovery Theory explains the restorative effect like a positive influence on emotional state of an individual. This has a positive consequence in lowering stress levels of the individual and it also induces desired physiological processes which lead to relaxation, regeneration and release. Furthermore, the studies show that there is significant role of environment in the overall development of an individual and they mention negative...
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Effect of dizocilpine on behavioral strategies of rats in the place avoidance task
Antošová, Eliška ; Valeš, Karel (advisor) ; Frynta, Daniel (referee)
Non-competitive antagonists of NMDA receptors can induce psychomimetic effects - they can cause schizophrenia-like behavior in healthy volunteers. MK-801 is such an agent. It is often used to model schizophrenia-like behavior in experimental animals. On the other hand, non-competitive antagonists of NMDA receptors show antidepressant effects both in patients suffering from depression and in animal models. Currently, cognitive deficit is considered to be a crucial symptom of the schizophrenia. Cognitive coordination is a process distinguishing irrelevant and relevant stimuli. A disruption of this process could play a pivotal role in cognitive deficit in schizophrenia. Active Allothetic Place Avoidance task (AAPA) could be a useful tool to study this phenomenon. In this task an animal has to distinguish between two spatial (reference) frames, whereas one of them is irrelevant and the other is relevant. The aims of my diploma thesis were: to study 1) behavioral strategies of laboratory rats in AAPA task and 2) effect of MK-801 on behavioral strategies and cognitive efficiency of rats in this task. The rats demonstrated two different strategies in the AAPA task. The first strategy was an active avoidance of an aversive sector; the second one was "freezing" with minimal active movement on the arena. Application...
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The impact of nature on human health and development
Antošová, Eliška ; Vomáčko, Ladislav (advisor) ; Turčová, Ivana (referee)
Title: The Impact of Nature on Human Health and Development Objectives: The main aim of this bachelor thesis was to do a detail research of foreign scientific articles concerning effects of nature on human health and development of individual. Methods: To do the desk research of academic literature, the databases of foreign scientific articles such as PubMed, Medline, Scopus have been used. Results: There are studies which focus on influence of environment on people and examine this influence on three levels: physiological, psychological and cognitive. Results show a potential effect of natural environment on people on all researched levels. Studies describe this effect of environment as restorative and is commonly explained by two major theories: 1) Attention Restoration Theory explains this restorative effect by regeneration of directed attention capacity. 2) Stress Recovery Theory explains the restorative effect like a positive influence on emotional state of an individual. This has a positive consequence in lowering stress levels of the individual and it also induces desired physiological processes which lead to relaxation, regeneration and release. Furthermore, the studies show that there is significant role of environment in the overall development of an individual and they mention negative...
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Legal consequences of a breach of contract in civil law
Antošová, Eliška ; Švestka, Jiří (advisor) ; Salač, Josef (referee)
The topic of this Master's degree thesis is "Legal consequences of breach of contract in civil law". The aim of this thesis is especially to analyse the legal consequences of the breach of contract under civil law. The text is divided into six chapters. Each chapter characterizes the particular consequence of the breach of contract. Each chapter also shows main differences and and possible advantages or disadvantages its enactment in the new Civil Code that came into effect on 1st January 2014. The first chapter deals with the pre-contractual liability. This chapter includes description of the pre- contractual negotiation and its main elements recognized within the framework of the Czech legal system. The chapter two analyzes aspects of delay in civil commitments in the law system of the Czech Republic with focus on the consequences a delay may cause. The third chapter explains essential points of the withdrawal from a contract. The fourth chapter describes and analyzes the legal institute of liability for defects, the issues regarding the liability for defect, its impact and also mentions some practical aspects related to it.Chapter five deals with the civil liability for damage. The aim of this chapter is to provide a basic overviewand to clarify crucial aspects of this legal institute. Chapter six...
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Effect of dizocilpine on behavioral strategies of rats in the place avoidance task
Antošová, Eliška ; Valeš, Karel (advisor) ; Frynta, Daniel (referee)
Non-competitive antagonists of NMDA receptors can induce psychomimetic effects - they can cause schizophrenia-like behavior in healthy volunteers. MK-801 is such an agent. It is often used to model schizophrenia-like behavior in experimental animals. On the other hand, non-competitive antagonists of NMDA receptors show antidepressant effects both in patients suffering from depression and in animal models. Currently, cognitive deficit is considered to be a crucial symptom of the schizophrenia. Cognitive coordination is a process distinguishing irrelevant and relevant stimuli. A disruption of this process could play a pivotal role in cognitive deficit in schizophrenia. Active Allothetic Place Avoidance task (AAPA) could be a useful tool to study this phenomenon. In this task an animal has to distinguish between two spatial (reference) frames, whereas one of them is irrelevant and the other is relevant. The aims of my diploma thesis were: to study 1) behavioral strategies of laboratory rats in AAPA task and 2) effect of MK-801 on behavioral strategies and cognitive efficiency of rats in this task. The rats demonstrated two different strategies in the AAPA task. The first strategy was an active avoidance of an aversive sector; the second one was "freezing" with minimal active movement on the arena. Application...
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The effect of partial agonist of serotonin-1A receptor on cognitive functions in animal model of schizophrenia
Antošová, Eliška ; Valeš, Karel (advisor) ; Telenský, Petr (referee)
Serotoin is a neurotransmitter participating in regulation of many physiologic fuctions. Main serotogenous neurons can be found in nukleus raphe of the brain stem. Nucleus raphe inervates many areas of the brain including the cerebal cortex and hipocampus. These structures are important for controling of higher cognitive functions. 5HT1A receptor is one of many subtypes of serotonin receptors and its activation inhibits iniciating of the action potencials. 5HT1A receptor is expressed presynapticaly as an autorecpetor in nucleus raphe. Activation of 5HT1A receptors decreased the output of the serotonin in the target structures. This key position enables to regulate the serotonin level in the brain. 5HT1A receptor can be found also postsynapticaly as an heteroreceptor in the hippocampus and in the brain cortex, where it affects the output of many other neurotransmitters. Experimental studies indicate that affecting of the 5HT1A function can improve many neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, anxiety, depresion and it can also moderate the congitive deficit. It is supposed that the activation of 5HT1A autoreceptors and the inhibition of 5HT1A heteroreceptors can positively affect the cognigtive abilities. It seems that 5TH1A autoreceptors are more sensible for pharmacologic influence. Thus in these...
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