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Legal regulation of black market prosecution in ČSR
Malý, Petr ; Adamová, Karolina (referee) ; Soukup, Ladislav (referee)
Resumé The notion of the black market is most often used as a general expression for various types of offences which are mainly committed in the time of political instability of the state and its economy and a lot of negative consequences are connected with this situation. War conflicts and huge economical crises could be considered as very typical originators of breakthrough moments. After their appearance there is very often a violation of the state economics and economic system as a whole. And by influence of the factors described earlier there are many consequences like the production is being successively limited, the distribution is being endangered or the obstruction of moving the goods to its final consumer comes into consideration. Therefore the population loses its trouble free access for commodities and products which are necessary for satisfying their needs. In a reaction of incurred deficit the individual customers are capable to pay higher prices for goods which are not worth it and which would normally have distinctively lower value. Such artificially increased demand can in a very short period of time influence very intensively the offer in the market which then repeatedly reacts by constant raising up the price till the point when the demanded price crosses the commonly demanded one. Higher...
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Legal status of Jews under the rule of Marie Therese and Joseph II
Javůrková, Johana ; Adamová, Karolina (advisor) ; Soukup, Ladislav (referee)
67 Resumé The legal statute of the Jews in the time of the reign of Maria Theresa and Joseph II. The purpose of my thesis is to analyse the legal statute of Jewish minority in the Czech lands in the time of the reign of Maria Theresa and Joseph II. Main concentration is thus focused upon the second half of the 18th century. The reason for my research is to try to understand the background of their long lasting bad treatment during previous centuries and its changes in the upcoming time of the Enlightenment. The thesis is composed of three chapters, each of them dealing with different historical background and timeline. Chapter One is introductory and describes the long way of the Jews from the origin of Jewish nation in the Middle East, followed by the beginning of jewish diaspora and its european history until the French Revolution. Chapter Two describes the legal history of the Jews settled in the Czech lands since their beginning in the 10th century until the introduction of the infamous restrictive so called Familiants laws in 1726. Chapter Three deals directly with the main topic, the legal statute of the Jews in the Czech lands in the time of Maria Theresa and Joseph II. It consists of two main parts. First is dedicated to the time of the reign of Maria Theresa and her well known decision about the...
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Registration of real property in Bohemia and Moravia (development of the land registry)
Peichlová, Adéla ; Adamová, Karolina (referee) ; Soukup, Ladislav (advisor)
86 Resumé REGISTRATION OF REAL ESTATE IN BOHEMIAAND IN MORAVIA (HISTORY OF CADASTRE OF REAL ESTATES) The purpose of this Thesis, as it is apparent from its name, is to create an overview of the process and history of the registrations of real estates from the beginning to the present. The reasons of needs and affords of the rulers to start creating some directories of the lands were purely economical. Every sovereign and ruler needed enough finance to keep and reinforce their power and the most effective way how to do it was to institute the land tax. The land was divided in the land of the vassals, called rustic, and the land of the masters, called demesne. Over the centuries, the object of the land taxes was only the land of the vassals. The land of the masters had to be free of the taxes till the year 1706. In order to make the tax collection more effective and well-organized, it was necessary to create a proper registration of the rustic land. Therefore, the original purpose of the rustic land registration, which had various names during individual historical periods, had only fiscal function. The history of the cadastre of real estates started in the year 1022 when the duke Old ich united the tax policy and instituted the tax collection from the grounds - policy which his followers continued in....
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The Judicial Processes with Witches in the Czech State during the Time after the Battle of Bílá Hora
Židová, Andrea ; Adamová, Karolina (advisor) ; Soukup, Ladislav (referee)
94 obyvatele všemožn motivovat, aby udávali své sousedy i to, jak poté z obvin ných pomocí mu ení vynucovali doznání i jména dalších osob. Díky t mto praktikám pak nar stala nejen ada zat ených, ale zvyšoval se i majetek církevních i sv tských hodnostá , protože vše, co pat ilo obvin nému po vynesení rozsudku automaticky propadlo ve prosp ch t chto institucí. Jsou uvád ny také konkrétní procesy, které se na území eského státu, hlavn ve Slezsku a na severní Morav , odehrály. Záv r je pak jakýmsi ohlédnutím a celkovou bilancí arod jnických proces a také zamyšlením se nad jejich problematikou z hlediska naší soudobé spole nosti. XI. RESUMÉ This dissertation deals with the witch trials in the lands of the Czech Crown after the year 1620. That is after the defeat of the Czech Uprising of the Estates at the Battle on Bílá Hora. At first I would like to give a view of the history of witchcraft and the initial persecution of heretics and 95 witches as apostates. Christianity accused all these people to be able to get rid of all their rivals, who could in any way threaten its expansion and later its relativly strong positon in the society. The Roman Catholic Church established the Institution of the Pope 's Inquisition which fought in the name of the faith and ruthlessly did away with all uncomfortable people. The...
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