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INFLUENCE OF BOUNDARY CONDITIONS ON HIGHER ORDER TERMS OF NEAR-CRACK-TIP STRESS FIELD IN A WST SPECIMEN
Veselý, V. ; Šestáková, L. ; Seitl, Stanislav
A precise description of the stress and deformation fields in a cracked body is provided using multi-parameter fracture mechanics based on the approximation of the fields by means of the Williams' power series. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the stress field in a wedge-splitting test geometry specimen aimed at the calculation of coefficients of the higher order terms (up to 14) of the Williams' expansion. The numerical study is conducted with the use of a conventional finite element package; however, for processing of the results an over-deterministic method is employed. Special attention is paid to the influence of boundary conditions of the test geometry on the values of the coefficients of the higher order terms of the Williams' series. The results are compared to data from the literature; a strong effect of the boundary conditions is observed.
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Properties of iron nanoparticles sealed in protective media
Schneeweiss, Oldřich ; Hapla, Miroslav ; Zbořil, R. ; Mašláň, M.
Iron nanocrystalline powder was prepared by the reduction of ferrihydride. The samples were sealed in Ar in a plastic bag to avoid any contact with air in the form of (i) the as-prepared powder, (ii) the powder mixed with a vacuum grease, and (iii) the powder after a very slow oxidation at room temperature which formed an oxidic shell. Their phase compositions were investigated by XRD and Mossbauer spectroscopy. These data were completed by magnetic measurements. The intense amorphous-like component was observed in the Mossbauer spectrum of the as-prepared powder. The origin of this component is discussed.
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NEW APPROACH TO STRESS-STRAIN CURVE PREDICTION USING BALL INDENTATION TEST
Brumek, J. ; Strnadel, B. ; Dlouhý, Ivo
This work is concerned with the method for predicting stress-strain behavior of material using instrumented indentation technique. High strength low alloy steel with different thermal treatment was taken into the analysis. Heat treatment for the steel was performed to obtain different mechanical properties. Assessment of mechanical properties was done by using inverse technique of the finite element analysis. The results were confronted with conventional test parameters and prediction procedure defined such Automated Ball Indentation Technique (ABIT). Comparison of the material curves shows good agreement with tensile test properties which makes this non-destructive method suitable for industrial application.
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METALLURGY AND PROPERTIES OF ADVANCED NiAl-Mo EUTECTICS
Barták, Tomáš ; Kuchařová, Květa ; Záležák, Tomáš ; Dlouhý, Antonín
A NiAl-Mo eutectic alloy was melt from 99,99% purity components and cast by the drop casting technique. The drop-cast ternary alloy (nominal composition of Ni-45Al-9Mo at. %), was re-melted and directionally solidified using a high temperature optical floating zone furnace. A resulting in-situ composite consists of Ni-45,2Al matrix and Mo-10Al-4Ni fibers, all in at. %. The volume fraction of 14% Mo-fibers stems from the eutectic composition. Spacing and a diameter of Mo-fibers can be controlled within certain limits using different growth rates of the crystals. Microstructural parameters of the as-cast crystals were assessed by light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Backscatter diffraction shows that the NiAl-matrix and the Mo-fibers are both < 001 >-oriented with respect to the axis of the cylindrical rods. Preliminary creep experiments confirmed an immense improvement of high temperature strength due to the fine distribution of Mo-fibres. The amount of strengthening in terms of minimum creep rate can be as high as 7 orders of magnitude. Post-mortem transmission electron microscopy experiments provided evidence that creep in the temperature range of 800-900 degrees C results in an extensive formation of subgrain boundaries. The strengthening effect is very likely associated with the reactions between subgrain boundaries and fine Mo-fibres.
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COATING OF CR-V LEDEBURITIC TOOL STEEL WITH CrAgN
Jurči, P. ; Krum, S. ; Dlouhý, Ivo
The Vanadis 6 tool steel has been coated with CrN, doped with small silver addition, by reactive magnetron sputtering. Some of coated specimens were subsequently vacuum annealed at 500 degrees C. The microstructure of film has been investigated on fracture surfaces of samples. Adhesion was evaluated by scratch-test. Wear resistance was measured using a pin-on-disc method, against alumina and 100Cr6 balls, at ambient and elevated temperatures. Experimental results have shown that the CrN-layers with an addition of 3%Ag have grown in a columnar manner. The addition of small amount of silver makes the adhesion on the substrate better. At an ambient temperature, no positive effect of the Ag-addition to the wear characteristics was found. But, in the testing temperature range 400 - 500 degrees C, significant lowering of friction coefficient and improvement of wear resistance were recorded. This can be attributed to the transport of Ag towards the surface, and thereby reduced friction force.
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AGEING OF BINARY Ti-Ni ALLOY AND ITS INFLUENCE ON TRANSFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS
Szurman, I. ; Kursa, M. ; Petlák, D. ; Dlouhý, Antonín
Transformation temperatures of binary alloys from Ti-Ni system are highly sensitive to chemical composition of the alloy. This sensitivity, however, causes rather considerable complications already during process of preparation. Transformation temperatures of bays rich in Ni can be successfully modified. The key to modification of transformation temperatures lies in use of precipitation reaction of quenched over-saturated solution for influencing of composition of TiNi matrix and thus to precise control of transformation temperatures. Principle of this method consists in metastable balance between intermetallic phase TiNi and coherent precipitates Ti3Ni4. Although the precipitate Ti3Ni4 is considered to be metastable in comparison with TiNi3, it is highly stable at temperatures below 600 degrees C. During precipitation reaction Ti3Ni4 is formed and this phenomenon is connected with decrease of Ni content in TiNi matrix, which leads to increased temperatures of phase transformations TR (temperature of formation of R-phase) and Ms (temperature 'martensite start'). It is important that transformation temperature after long-term ageing is independent on chemical composition of the alloy, and it depends only on temperature of ageing as a consequence of equilibrium between these phases. This phenomenon should not occur at ageing at higher temperatures, formation of precipitate Ti3Ni4 should occur only during cooling of the sample from the temperature of ageing. The alloy Ni50.6-Ti (at. %), prepared in high-frequency induction vacuum furnace, was chosen as experimental material. Samples of the alloy were sealed into evacuated quartz glass tube and aged at constant temperature with various durations of dwell. Afterwards transformation characteristics of the samples were determined by DSC method.
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THE INFLUENCE OF INITIAL DEFORMATION ON STRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF P92 STEEL
Svobodová, M. ; Čmakal, J. ; Horváth, L. ; Chmela, T. ; Sklenička, Václav
The paper deals with materials properties of steel bends. Tubes and pipes, respectively, of P92 steel were hot and/or cold bended. Moreover, the various combinations of tubes/pipes dimensions were chosen. Then, as-bended steel was exposed to a long-term temperature and/or mechanical loading. Investigating the materials behaviour, some structure and mechanical tests on as-exposed bends were carried out. So, this paper summarizes recent results of performed tests including numerical simulations by FEM.
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AB INITIO STUDY OF EFFECT OF SEGREGATED SP-IMPURITIES AT GRAIN BOUNDARIES IN NICKEL
Všianská, Monika ; Šob, Mojmír
The embrittling/strengthening effects of segregated sp-elements in the 3rd 4th and 5th period (Al, Si, P, S, Ga, Ge, As, Se, In, Sn, Sb and Te) at the Sigma 5(210) grain boundary (GB) in fcc nickel have been investigated using density functional theory. We predict Si as a GB cohesion enhancer, Al and P have none or minimal strengthening effect and S, Ga, As, Se, In, Sn, Sb and Te are GB embrittlers in Ni. We also analyze the segregation enthalpy of all impurities. It turns out that AI, Ga, In, Sn, Sb and Te are substitutional and Si, P, S, Ge, As and Se interstitial impurities at the GB in Ni.
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