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Archeology of the Fortified Manor in the Czech Lands. To the beginnings of the Medieval Fortified Residences
Laval, Filip ; Klápště, Jan (advisor) ; Žemlička, Josef (referee) ; Unger, Josef (referee)
Archaeology of the fortified manor in the Czech lands To the beginnings of the medieval fortified residences The work is dedicated to the medieval fortified manor in the Czech lands with regard to the need to formulate new questions. He marginally considers the questions of actual and historical terminology and its semantic content. To explore the functions of the fortified manors the structure of the associated settlement is discussed. A substantial testimony is attributed to some of selected written sources pointing to the legal-historical or jurisdictional context of "private" fortified settlements/residences. A separate chapter is devoted to the analysis of several examples of archaeological research from the Czech lands and from western parts of Europe, which revealed situations classifiable to fortified manor, respectively castles, which was preceded by much less or not at all fortified settlements, while maintaining close spatial continuity. So the questions concerning the beginnings of that type settlements are pronounced. With this packet of problems the work deals applying a comparative analysis that leads to some reassessment of the importance of the Romanesque church with the western tower as a kind of reduction of the castle model known from contemporary (12th century) Western European regions...
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Obotrite Proces of State-forming in Central European Dimension (789-1178)
Tomášek, Jan ; Žemlička, Josef (advisor) ; Klápště, Jan (referee)
Key Words Polabian Slavs, Polabian area, Obodrite, Populus, Gens, Nacio, State, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Obotritic confederation tribes Abstract The thesis analyses and interprets the key events in the state-forming process of so-called Obotritic confederation tribes in 789 - 1178. It focuses on the analysis of written sources, which serve as a basis for three models of inter-tribal units in Polabian area. The thesis argues against the traditional evolutionistic point of view, which considers the confederation tribes to be the predecessors of early medieval states. The main focus of the analysis is put on the starting point form which the Obotritic state-forming process originated. The main question is whether the Obodrite, upon their first appearance in written history, were more federation of tribes or one large tribe, whose break-up at the turn of 9th and 10th century started a new phase of the process. For the next period, the thesis introduces unique model of so-called tribal state, created by the combined effects of various factors, such as location, political situation, social changes in 11th and 12th century etc. The inner and outer factors that lead to the break-up of the Obotritic tribe state in 1270s are discussed in the same manner. The last part of the thesis is an analysis of later...
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The Transformation of Lovosice in the Middle Ages
Vodáková, Martina ; Klápště, Jan (advisor) ; Žemlička, Josef (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the transformation of Lovosice in the Middle Ages. The topic is focused on the period since 11th to 14th century and it is concerned with medieval transformation. The basis for knowledge of medieval settlement in Lovosice is the catalogue of archaeological finds and the map, which shows their location. These facts are completed with the literary and cartographic sources. The time period is based on relative and absolute dating of ceramics. I try to connect Lovosice with public roads and near town Litoměřice. Keywords: the Middle Ages, medieval transformation, settlement, Lovosice
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Testaments and Testamentary Practices in Kolín Municipal Books 1376-1401
Vojtíšek, Jan ; Žemlička, Josef (advisor) ; Doležalová, Eva (referee)
The subject of the thesis are testaments conserved in Kolín municipal books dating to the period of 1376 and 1401. The last wills are analysed from the juridical and administrative point of view as well as the perspective of the studies of medieval religiosity. The aim of the thesis is to show the role and function of the testament in hereditary practices in the royal town od Kolín at the end of the 14th century. The list of the testaments with the date, reference and a brief characteristic plays an integral part of the study.
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The Relationship between Medieval Bohemians and Veleti Tribes in the Years 805 - 1035
Tomášek, Jan ; Žemlička, Josef (advisor) ; Doležalová, Eva (referee)
This thesis deals with the analysis of the relationship of early medieval Bohemians and Slavic tribes of Polabian Slavs. It concentrates on the interaction of Bohemians with Vetelti tribes in the years 805 - 1035, the Serbian and Obodrite tribes are metioned only briefly. Alliance and probably a military pact between Bohemians and Veleti was active particulary in the encounters with the Caroligian and later Oton empire. Therefore, the thesis focuses on the campaign of the Empire to Bohemia and Polabian area and on the basis of the reaction of both subject analyses possible causes of mutual alliance. During the analysed period, the structure of the pact between Bohemians and Veleti was changing, mainly due to the development of international conditiond in middle Europe. Therefore, this thesis describes basic elemements of the development of the situation in middle Europe in analysed period of time. It also wants to introduce latest results of research of the foreign policy of the early medieval Bohemia, on the basis of contemporary sources to determine possible establishment, development and end of the pact between Bohemians and Veleti and to describe in detail this scarcely analysed problem.
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Metamorphoses of the Myth of Ottokar II in the Gallery of National History
Kofránková, Václava ; Čornej, Petr (advisor) ; Galandauer, Jan (referee) ; Žemlička, Josef (referee)
The conflict between Ottokar II and Rudolph I of Habsburg is one of the driving moments of common Czech and Austrian history. As their fight was accompanied by strong propaganda on both sides, it was subject to political exploitation since the Middle Ages. The death of the King of Bohemia in the Battle of Durnkrut and the subsequent period of Brandenburg administration of the Czech Lands started, according to deep-rooted notions, the series of Czech historical disasters, completed by the Battle of Lipany and the Battle of White Mountain. For the Habsburgs, on the other hand, the victory meant the beginning of their dynastie rise, rounded off by the domination of a large part of Europe and the attainment of the title of Holy Roman Emperor. The present study focus es on this fundamental dichotomy in the understanding of the common past, mapping the changing interpretations of the conflict in historiography, literature, drama and visual art, with a speciál emphasis on the 19th century. Thus it builds upon the a u t h o ťs older studies dedicated to the same theme as treated by medieval and early modern sources.
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Perception of space and orientation in the countryside in the Czech middle ages (12.-14. century)
Klimek, Tomáš ; Žemlička, Josef (advisor) ; Semotanová, Eva (referee) ; Bolina, Pavel (referee)
The work deals with perception of space and orientation in the countryside in the Czech Lands from the beginning of the 12th century till the end of the 14th century. In the first part the author describes concrete aspects of perception of space in contemporary cosmological concepts. He defines the distinction between medieval view on space as a set of concrete places and the modern concept of absolute and unmarked space and analyzes reflection of concrete features of the medieval model in the texts from the Czech environment. As a part of analyzes of the space heterogeneity the author further deals with reconstruction of perception of woods as one of the types of medieval countryside. Historiography often attributes special position to woods in imagination of contemporary people. The author analyses existence of literal cliché presenting woods like hostile environment in narrative texts from the Czech cultural environment and the result is confronted with conclusions from interdisciplinary studies dealing both with the task of proportional representation of woods in medieval countryside and with it's development and with ways of economic use of woods. On this bases along with the interpretation of results from a specific analyzes of books of interrogation statements the author comes to the...
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Queens and their towns in Bohemia during the reign of Luxembourg
Sejtková, Mirka ; Žemlička, Josef (referee) ; Bobková, Lenka (advisor)
An institution of royal dowry towns was established in the early 14th century because kings of Bohemia needed to ensure possessive and social conditions for their queens-wives and queens-widows. Expect of most important financial provisions this towns provided their queens space for continuing dignified residence and for realization their plans e.g. patronage. Queen could manage her towns in two ways. In the first one she could draw the payments from towns, which her husband had ensured her in a marriage articles. In the second cases the towns were tum over to her control and than she could be in active relations with them. Existence of the institution of royal dowry towns was limited with lifetime of the queen. When she had died, the towns retumed into the hands of king. Among dowry towns belong Hradec Králové, Chrudim, Polička, Jaroměř, Vysoké Mýto, Trutnova Dvůr Králové nad Labem. Most of them were situated in the east Bohemia, where every royal town was at the same time dowry town too. The most imported position belonged to Hradec Kralové, which was administrative and ecclesiastical centre of this area. A status of this town raised, when queen-widow Elisabeth Rejčka moved with her court to Hradec. This residential tradition fixed Elisabeth Pomořanská, the fourth wife of Charles IV. The Hussite Movement...
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Romanesque galleried churches in Bohemia and their founders
Gája, Robert ; Doležalová, Eva (referee) ; Žemlička, Josef (advisor)
In the preceding chapters we examined the relationship between the church and its founder from several perspectives. Various forms of the relationship changed over the 13th and 14th centuries, however their content persisted. Patrons' claims expressed themselves in various domains. A feudal claim on the church property also resulted from the ownership of land itself. As a matter of fact, a whole set of founder's rights is concerned. The public function of churches was not impaired thereby. It did not consist in the realm of property, but only resulted from the parochial function, which the founders did not intend to impair by any means. Ecclesiastical supervision over priests' prebends and the church property did not constitute a transition of this property to ecclesiastical ownership in today's connotation, since the Church as a private legal subject did not exist in the Middle Ages. Nor the founders were the owners to all intents and purposes. The property belonging to the church or prebend was a foundation. Its purpose was to ensure the continuous operation of the church and parish administration, which mattered to both sides, the establishment and the Church. The status of the prebend and the church was to stay the same over the time regardless of the change of priests or landowners. The patron claimed...
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The Magdeburg law in the towns of northwest Bohemia in pre-Hussite period
Mareš, Jan ; Žemlička, Josef (advisor) ; Bobková, Lenka (referee) ; Sulitková, Ludmila (referee)
The beginnings and propagation of the Magdeburg Law in the Czech lands in the Middle Ages are in the centre of attention of historical sciences since the second half of the 19th century. The period of great interest in this theme ends in the middle of the last cen tury and there i s a change in the direction of conservation of older knowledge. A detailed look on notorious development trends in connection with use of different types of sources can open new possibilities for efforts concerning deeper cognition of one of the most important components of the so called medieval transformation. The Magdeburg Law is a phenomenon transgressing borders of contemporary as well as medieval states in Centra!- and Eastern Europe, which is the reason to study it in the context of wider regions. Presented study incorporates three themes. The first chapter is dedicated to the analysis of the initial situation that existed in the thirteenth century in one of the most important cities of northwest Bohemia Litoměřice, the later head of a great family of cities of German town law. The starting point for an attempt to explore the Litoměřice law in the 13th century is a not preserved compilation of various legal regulations sent directly from Magdeburg to Litoměřice in 1282. This is a rare case in Czech lands, which could be...
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