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Feasibility study: Hg removal technology using electrochemical methods - large unit and its comparison with alternative technology
Zach, Boleslav ; Veselý, Václav ; Šyc, Michal ; Puchýř, R. ; Foltýn, M. ; Přemyslovský, P. ; Pařízek, V.
In the introductory chapters, an introduction to the technology for Hg capture from combustion processes using electrochemical methods (membrane electrolyzer)and the design of a unit with capacity applicable to a typical power plant unit was made. This technology has not fully demonstrated its effectiveness from laboratory tests in semi-operational trials. These findings have been taken into account in the design of the unit for a larger power plant, therefore the design considers the use of more units in parallel, which places demands on the built-up space. The number of units used and the size of the built-up area is then matched by the high cost of the investment. Although this is a technology that does not consume any chemicals or sorbents - only electricity - it is an investment and operationally expensive technology, as can be seen from the comparison with alternative technologies. A comparison of the investment costs and cumulative expenditure (investment, reinvestment, maintenance and operating costs) for the electrochemical technology with electrolyzer and the two alternative technologies shows that if the economic aspect alone is the decisive criterion for the choice of technology, the technology of dosing Na2S solution into the scrubber absorber solution for flue gas treatment clearly comes out best at current prices.
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Semi-operational verification of mercury removal from flue gas by electrochemical methods
Šyc, Michal ; Grolig, O. ; Přemyslovský, P. ; Pařízek, V.
This is the final report of the project Pilot-scale verification of mercury removal from flue gas by electrochemical methods TK04020330 summarizing the course of activities for the last year of the project and the results achieved during the project. The content of the report is a description of the commissioning and operation of the pilot unit designed and constructed during the project. The results of laboratory experiments, pilot-scale verification of the technology, and testing of mercury oxidation in flue gas. The conclusions drawn from the experimental results are included in the report.
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Technical report on progress and achievements for 2022
Šyc, Michal ; Grolig, O. ; Přemyslovský, P. ; Pařízek, V.
The response of the research base has sparked interest in validating more advanced mercury separation techniques from flue gas than BAT. These techniques maintain the existing fuel base and focus on the wet scrubbing process of acid gases. The Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals has developed an original electro-separation technology of the soluble form of mercury from the wet limestone slurry, where the process simultaneously oxidizes the metallic mercury to achieve the desired capture.
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Current state of lithium-ion batteries recycling (SS02030008-V13)
Kameníková, Petra ; Šyc, Michal
The production of lithium-ion batteries has been increasing every year since their introduction to the market in the 1990s, initially for use in portable devices such as cameras, mobile phones, tablets, etc. In recent years, demand has continued to grow driven by the development of electromobility. Batteries contain a number of valuable components that should be recycled at the end of the battery's lifetime. This report summarises available information on the composition of different types of batteries and methods for their recycling.
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Current state of textile waste management in the Czech Republic
Shtukaturova, Anastasia ; Šyc, Michal ; Gregor, J. ; Kropáč, J. ; Pavlas, M. ; Valta, J.
The textile industry is the fourth largest polluter after the food, construction and transport industries and the fifth largest producer of greenhouse gases. It is well known that the EU is moving towards a total ban on landfill and wants to achieve the highest possible recycling rate with the technology available today, which means that textile waste have to be recycled at the same level as other commodities. In 2018, the EU adopted a Circular Economy Package that needs to be transposed into the legislation of each Member State. It is important to adapt the waste management policy of each Member State to achieve the highest level of environmental sustainability. As a follow-up to the Circular Economy Package, a new Waste Act appeared in the Czech Republic in 2021, which will guide it towards the transition to a circular economy. The main challenges of the new Waste Act are to ban the landfilling of recyclable materials from 2030 and to achieve ambitious recycling targets for recyclable materials, including textile waste. To support the Czech Republic's transition to a circular economy model, the CEVOOH project has been established, which requires research in areas such as material flows, innovative technologies to minimise the use of primary raw materials in production, maximum material utilisation and use of waste, by-products and intermediate products, eco-design of products, monitoring and evaluation of not only environmental but also socio-economic processes. Textile waste is a part of the CEVOOH project, where the current state of this commodity and recycling methods are the main goals. As a part of research for the CEVOOH project, Material Flow Analysis (MFA) has been chosen as a tool to describe the current state with textile waste and its waste management options in the country.
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The thermochemical methods for the recovery of P from the waste sludge
Struňáková, Katarína ; Šyc, Michal (advisor) ; Innemanová, Petra (referee)
Global food production is strongly dependent on the application of phosphate fertilizers, the production requires apatite - a primary phosphate rock. Apatite is a non-renewable source of phosphorus, depletion of which estimated within the next 50 - 300 years. Sewage sludge is an important secondary source of phosphorus through recycling. Thermochemical methods pose one of the ways of recycling phosphorus from this source. For this diploma thesis, the hydrothermal carbonization of stabilized sewage sludge was monitored in the environments of distilled water, sulfuric acid solution and sodium hydroxide solution. The trans- port of phosphorus and heavy metals between the solid and liquid product of this treatment depending on the environmental conditions was monitored. In all cases, the weight of the sewage sludge was reduced and parts of the organic matter were destroyed. The highest efficiency was achieved under alkaline conditions, where the weight was reduced by 44 % and the resulting solid product contained approximately 25 % of organic matter. After neutral hydrothermal treatment, 91 % of the phosphorus remained in solid form, in which the other monitored elements also accumulated. The greatest release of phosphorus into the liquid phase occurred under acidic conditions when 62 % of the phosphorus...
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